A truly amazing example of compactness.
The NORDMENDE SPECTRA SK2-COLOR DE LUXE CONTURA is a compact television with 26 inches color screen with ultrasonic remote and VST Channel search tuning for 16 programs.
This model series was a luxus model and was introducing in 1976 the SK2 series which was standing for "System Kalt"
named as Cool system referring to low chassis temperature.
Was more related to the RGB OUTP
UT amplifiers than the line / horizontal output wich is realized with THYRISTORS and for that it runs warm as any Thyristor line output stage.- Horizontal Beam Deflection and high voltage generating circuits realized with Thyristors circuits.
The massive demand for colour television receivers in Europe/Germany
in the 70's brought about an influx of sets from the continent. Many of
these use the thin -neck (29mm) type of 110° shadowmask tube and the
Philips 20AX CRT Tube, plus the already Delta Gun CRT .
Scanning
of these tubes is accomplished by means of a toroidally wound
deflection yoke (conventional 90° and thick -neck 110° tubes operate
with
saddle -wound deflection coils). The inductance of a toroidal yoke is
very much less than that of a saddle -wound yoke, thus higher scan currents are required.
The deflection current necessary for the line scan is about 12A peak
-to -peak. This could be provided by a transistor line output stage but a
current step-up transformer, which is bulky and both difficult and
costly to manufacture, would be required.
An entirely different
approach, pioneered by RCA in America and developed by them and by ITT
(SEL) in Germany, is the thyristor line output stage. In this system the
scanning current is provided via two thyristors and two switching diodes
which due to their characteristics can supply the deflection yoke
without a step-up transformer (a small transformer is still required to
obtain the input voltage pulse for the e.h.t. tripler). The purpose of
this article is to explain the basic operation of such circuits. The
thyristor line output circuit offers high reliability since all
switching occurs at zero current level. C.R.T. flashovers, which can
produce high current surges (up to 60A), have no detrimental effects on
the switching diodes or thyristors since the forward voltage drop across
these devices is small and the duration of the current pulses short. If
a surge limiting resistor is pro- vided in the tube's final anode
circuit the peak voltages produced by flashovers seldom exceed the
normal repetitive circuit voltages by more than 50-100V. This is well
within the device ratings.
It's a very good system to use where the line scan coils require large
peak currents with only a moderate flyback voltage an intrinsic
characteristic of toroidally wound deflection coils. The basic thyristor
line output stage arrangement used in all these chassis is shown in
Fig. 1it was originally devised by RCA. Many sets fitted with 110°, narrow -neck delta -gun tubes used a thyristor line output stage - for example those in the Grundig and Saba ranges and the Finlux Peacock , Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco. The circuit continued to find favour in earlier chassis designed for use with in -line gun tubes, examples being found in the Grundig and Korting ranges - also, Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco the Rediffusion Mk. III chassis. Deflection currents of up to 13A peak -to -peak are commonly encountered with 110° tubes, with a flyback voltage of only some 600V peak to peak. The total energy requirement is of the order of 6mJ, which is 50 per cent higher than modern 110° tubes of the 30AX and S4 variety with their saddle -wound line scan coils. The only problem with this type of circuit is the large amount of energy that shuttles back and forth at line frequency. This places a heavy stress on certain components. Circuit losses produce quite high temperatures, which are concentrated at certain points, in particular the commutating combi coil. This leads to deterioration of the soldered joints around the coil, a common cause of failure. This can hav
e
a cumulative effect, a high resistance joint increasing the local
heating until the joint becomes well and truly dry -a classic symptom
with some Grundig / Emerson sets. The wound components themselves can be
a source of trouble, due to losses - particularly the combi coil and
the regulating transductor. Later chassis are less prone to this sort of
thing, partly because of the use of later generation, higher efficiency
yokes but mainly due to more generous and better design of the wound
components. The ideal dielectric for use in the tuning capacitors is
polypropylene (either metalised or film). It's a truly won- derful
dielectric - very stable, with very small losses, and capable of
operation at high frequencies and elevated temperatures. It's also
nowadays reasonably inexpensive. Unfortunately many earlier chassis of
this type used polyester capacitors, and it's no surprise that they were
inclined to give up. When replacing the tuning capacitors in a
thyristor line output stage it's essential to use polypropylene types -a
good range of axial components with values ranging from 0.001µF to
047µF is available from RS Components, enabling even non-standard values
to be made up from an appropriate combination. Using polypropylene
capacitors in place of polyester ones will not only ensure capacitor
reliability but will also lower the stress on other components by
reducing the circuit losses (and hence power consumption).Numerous circuit designs for completely transistorized television receivers either have been incorporated in commercially available receivers or have been described in detail in various technical publications. One of the most troublesome areas in such transistor receivers, from the point of View of reliability and economy, lies in the horizontal deflection circuits.
As an attempt to avoid the voltage and current limitations of transistor deflection circuits, a number of circuits have been proposed utilizing the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a semiconductor device capable of handling substantially higher currents and voltages than transistors.
The circuit utilizes two bi-directionally conductive switching means which serve respectively as trace and commutating switches. Particularly, each of the switching means comprises the parallel combination of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and a diode. The commutating switch is triggered on shortly before the desired beginning of retrace and, in conjunction with a resonant commutating circuit having an inductor and two capacitors, serves to turn off the trace switch to initiate retrace. The commutating circuit is also arranged to turn oft the commutating SCR before the end of retrace.
(The only THYRISTORS Horizontal Deflection stages running almost really cool was that in GRUNDIG GSC600 AND GRUNDIG GSC700 CHASSIS which you can see Here at Obsolete technology Tellye museum [ search for it here ] ).
It was even introducing first time in NORDMENDE the 20AX CRT TUBE (PHILIPS) in models from 26 to 22 Inches but in few it was replaced by the VIDEOCOLOR P.I.L.
The PHILIPS 20AX system was introduced in Europe in 1975 as the first self converging picture tube/deflection coil, combination for 110° degree deflection and screen sizes up to 26". The system is based on the automatic convergence principle discovered by Haantjes and Lubben of Philips Research Laboratory more than 20 years ago. It makes use of an in-line gun array in conjunction with a specially designed saddle type deflection coil. Residual small tolerance errors are compensated by a simple dynamic four-pole system. The tube is 2 cm shorter than conventional 110° Degree tubes and has a standard 36.5 mm neck in order to obtain good color selection. A slotted mask is used in combination with a stripe-structure screen. Picture sharpness is ensured by an astigmatic electron gun.
The set has even front led lamps to show the remote controls during calling via remote and a front display showing program numbers.
This here shown is a heavy used set for almost 28 Years and this can be seen from the front plastic wear due to dayly polish by the original owner combined with a all day permanent power on.
The
new tube, to be known as the 20AX, has been developed by PHILIPS in
conjunction with the parent Philips / Mullard organisation and will be
produced by several Philips subsidiary companies on the Continent as
well as by PHILIPS in the UK. PHILIPS envisage quantity production of
the tube by 1976, mainly for export at first, with large-scale
production for UK set - makers starting in 1977. The tube has been
developed as "probably the final phase in the design of the 110°
shadowmask tube". Its 
main
features are the use of three guns mounted horizontally in line, the
use of a shadow - mask with slots instead of circular holes, and a
screen with the phosphors deposited in vertical stripes instead of as a
pattern of dot triads. It seems therefore that the days of the present
delta gun shadowmask tube are now numbered, though considerable
production will have to continue for many years to provide replacement
tubes for the millions of colour sets already in use. So far as the
viewer is concerned however it is important to appreciate the time scale
involved (see above) and the reasons for the development of the new
tube. There is nothing wrong with the type of shadow - mask tube we have
known since the beginning of colour TV: it is able to provide superb
pictures. But in its 110° form it does require rather a lot of
scan/convergence correction circuitry. If this can be reduced by means
of an alternative approach
main
features are the use of three guns mounted horizontally in line, the
use of a shadow - mask with slots instead of circular holes, and a
screen with the phosphors deposited in vertical stripes instead of as a
pattern of dot triads. It seems therefore that the days of the present
delta gun shadowmask tube are now numbered, though considerable
production will have to continue for many years to provide replacement
tubes for the millions of colour sets already in use. So far as the
viewer is concerned however it is important to appreciate the time scale
involved (see above) and the reasons for the development of the new
tube. There is nothing wrong with the type of shadow - mask tube we have
known since the beginning of colour TV: it is able to provide superb
pictures. But in its 110° form it does require rather a lot of
scan/convergence correction circuitry. If this can be reduced by means
of an alternative approach
as
with the 20AX tube considerable benefits in set production and
servicing will be obtained. This has been the aim behind the development
of the new tube, and the demonstration tube we have seen operating with
its associated deflection yoke and circuitry gave a picture every bit
as good as we have come to expect from the present "conventional"
approach to colour tube design. There are now four colour tubes with in
-line guns, the Sony Trinitron (the first to come along), the RCA /Mazda
PIL tube, the Toshiba RIS tube and now the PHILIPS 20AX. It is
interesting to compare them. The Trinitron is a 90° narrow neck (29mm)
tube. It differs from the others in using an aperture grill (slits from
top to bottom) instead of a mask behind the screen to shadow the beams
and a tube face which is substantially flat in the vertical plane. On
the domestic market it is used exclusively in Sony sets and certainly
represented a break through in simplifying the convergence circuitry and
setting up adjustments required. The Toshiba RIS (rectangular flare,
in-line guns, slotted shadowmask) tube has now turned up in the UK in
the recently introduced 18in. Sharp Model C1831H. Its most distinctive
feature is the rectangu- lar instead of conical tube flare and the
rectangular semi -toroidal scanning yoke which is used with this. It is a
110° thick neck (36mm) tube. The convergence arrangements are fairly
simple. The most interesting comparisons however are between the PI tube
and the 20AX. The first is a 90° tube of the narrow neck variety and
features a toroidal yoke which is cemented to the tube- thus if either
is faulty the entire tube/yoke assembly must be replaced. The great
advantage is that no dynamic convergence adjustments or circuitry are
required. It is at present limited to sizes up to 20in. and the
designers say that it is not intended as a successor to the standard
shadowmask tube above this size. Its depth compares with 110° tubes
because of the simplified gun structure used. The PHILIPS 20AX tube
differs from it in several respects. First it is basically a 110° tube
which can be produced in a whole range
of sizes production of 18, 22 and 26in. versions is proposed so that
set makers can use it with a single chassis for models of various
sizes. Secondly it uses saddlewound deflection coils which are separate
from though accurately ali
gned
with the tube. And thirdly it is a thick neck tube. Unlike the PI tube
in which all the gun electrodes except the cathodes are common to all
guns the electrodes of each gun in the 20AX are separately available at
the base. This means that in addition to RGB drive to the cathodes the
grids are available for blanking and beam limiting and the first anodes
for background control setting in the normal manner. In fact PHILIPS
emphasised that the new tube is entirely compatible with existing colour
set techniques though the whole convergence system is greatly
simplified. The basic idea behind these in line gun, slotted mask tubes
is that by mounting the guns horizontally in line the convergence errors
are confined to the horizontal plane and by applying an astigmatic
deflection field these errors are cancelled. This means that a fair
amount of cunning in the design of the deflection yoke is required. A
saddlewound yoke is more efficient than a toroidal yoke since the
deflection fields are totally enclosed.
gned
with the tube. And thirdly it is a thick neck tube. Unlike the PI tube
in which all the gun electrodes except the cathodes are common to all
guns the electrodes of each gun in the 20AX are separately available at
the base. This means that in addition to RGB drive to the cathodes the
grids are available for blanking and beam limiting and the first anodes
for background control setting in the normal manner. In fact PHILIPS
emphasised that the new tube is entirely compatible with existing colour
set techniques though the whole convergence system is greatly
simplified. The basic idea behind these in line gun, slotted mask tubes
is that by mounting the guns horizontally in line the convergence errors
are confined to the horizontal plane and by applying an astigmatic
deflection field these errors are cancelled. This means that a fair
amount of cunning in the design of the deflection yoke is required. A
saddlewound yoke is more efficient than a toroidal yoke since the
deflection fields are totally enclosed.In comparison to current 110° PHILIPS tubes the 20AX requires much the same horizontal deflection power but about twice the vertical deflection power (which can be obtained without trouble from modern semiconductor devices). The use of a separate yoke with a tube of this type means that some dynamic convergence controls are still necessary, in order to match the assemblies. PHILIPS refer to these as "tolerance adjustments" rather than "dynamic convergence controls". About seven are required at present though further work is being done on this and by the time sets with the new tube appear we can expect some reduction. A single pincushion transductor is required instead of the two needed with 110° shadowmask tubes of the present variety. In comparison the PIL tube requires no dynamic convergence adjustments, only some simple tube neck magnets for static setting up. It is a little less efficient however because of the type of yoke employed. Whatever else happens there is no doubt that the vast majority of colour tubes fitted to TVC sets come 1977 will be of the in line gun, slotted mask, vertical phosphor stripe variety. Two further points made by PHILIPS at their demonstration : first, this type of tube requires less degaussing so that there are worthwhile savings in the amount of copper required for the degaussing coils: secondly their new tube, and in fact all PHILIPS monochrome tubes and shortly their colour tubes as well, will incorporate "instant on" guns which come into operation about five seconds after the set is switched on instead of the 30 seconds or more taken by present tubes. This instant on feature is based on a new heater/cathode assembly in which the use of mica insulators has been avoided.
Meanwhile we understand that in addition to RCA and, in the UK, Mazda, ITT and Videocolor SA are to produce PIL tubes. Whilst congratulations all round was appropriate on the successful development of these tubes it does seem a pity that was about to enter for the first time an era of non compatible colour c.r.t.s.
(To see the Internal Chassis Just click on Older Post Button on bottom page, that's simple !)
Nordmende was a manufacturer of entertainment electronics based in Bremen, Germany.
The original company, Radio H. Mende & Co, was founded in 1923 by Otto Hermann Mende
(1885-1940) in Dresden. Following the destruction of the plant during the bombing raids in 1945, Martin Mende (the founder's son) created a new company in Bremen in 1947, in a former Focke-Wulf plant, under the name North German Mende Broadcast GmbH.
The name was subsequently changed to Nordmende: subsequently the
company became one of the prominent German manufacturers of radios,
televisions, tape recorders and record players in the 1950s and 1960s.
In
the 1970s, Nordmende televisions were renowned for their innovative
chassis, and for the rigorous testing and quality control of their
finished products. Both created high costs, however, which soon proved a
competitive disadvantage when the price of colour televisions began to plunge.
In 1969, Mende's sons took over the company, and in 1977 a majority shareholding was sold to the French Thomson Brandt company and the chassis remains the original NordMende until CHASSIS F9. The
following year, the family sold their remaining shares to Thomson.
In the 1980s, the factories in Bremen were closed, Nordmende becoming
purely a Thomson trademark (Starting from chassis F10 F11 they're all THOMSON).
In the 1990s, the name Nordmende was used with decreasing frequency, and it eventually disappeared in favour of the Thomson name. In 2005 Videocon Group acquired all cathode ray tube activities from Thomson. This led to the creation of VDC Technologies, which manufactures TV sets using the Nordmende brand under licence from Thomson.
The Nordmende brand name was relaunched in Ireland in September 2008 by the KAL Group. Although
Nordmende
was well known for its televisions throughout Ireland during the
1970s and 1980s, the company bought the rights to the name and
launched a range of white goods including fridges, freezers, washing machines, and dishwashers, alongside a revamped range of flat-screen TVs and stereos.
NORDMENDE HISTORY IN GERMAN:
Die Vorkriegsgeschichte findet sich unter Mende. Nach dem Totalverlust in Dresden gründet Martin Mende (30.12.1898-1982) unter Mitwirkung von Hermann Weber am 26. August 1947 [FT5901] in Bremen-Hemelingen die Norddeutsche Mende-Rundfunk GmbH.
Die ersten Gehäuse liefert ein Tischler in Achim gegen Kompensation von fünf Gehäusen zu einem Rundfunkgerät. Der frühere Mende-Konstrukteur, Obering. Heer zeichnet wieder für die Geräte verantwortlich [FT49??].
Ab 27. Juli 1948 liefert die neue, zuerst 18 und bald 60 Personen umfassende Firma auf Grund von Währungsreform, Krediten und Zulieferverträgen die neue Radioproduktion.
Das Regime in Ostdeutschland lässt den Namen Mende nicht zu, so dass Martin Mende mit grafischen Konstruktionen im Zusammenhang mit «Nord» an seinen Vorkriegserfolg anschliesst.
Die Hallen der ehemaligen Focke-Wulf AG beim Bahnhof Seebaldsbrück dienen als Werkstätten. 1950 beschäftigt das Unternehmen 700, 1959 schon 3500 und im Zenit 6300 Personen.
1950 beginnt die Firma mit UKW-, 1953 mit Fernseh- und 1954 mit Mess- und Prüfgeräten. Gegen Ende der 50er Jahre heisst die Firma Norddeutsche Mende Rundfunk KG [RP7901].
Nachdem sich Nordmende bislang nicht mit Magnettongeräten befasst hat, bringt das Werk 1958 das erste deutsche Heim-Tonbandgerät mit drei Motoren auf den Markt. Allerdings dominieren auf diesem Sektor eindeutig andere Firmen wie AEG/Telefunken und Grundig. Von Nordmende kommen jeweils nur ein bis zwei Geräte (1960 keines) in die Kataloge. Dafür hat die Firma Erfolg mit einem anderen Neueinstieg:
1958 stellt Nordmende mit «Mambo» ihr erstes Reisegerät vor - aber nicht «das erste deutsche, serienmässig hergestellte und volltransistorisierte Koffergerät», wie man aus einer Quelle nachlesen kann. Danach wird Nordmende in Deutschland auf dem Sektor Reisegeräte besonders stark, obwohl sie keine Röhren-Koffer baute. Immerhin kosten die in «Mambo» verwendeten 8 Halbleiter dann im Einzelhandel DM 98.70, während für die vier D-Röhren der 90er-Serie - auch zum Katalogpreis - etwa DM 35.- auszugeben wären. Preis des ganzen Gerätes: DM 189.- plus zwei Flachbatterien von 4,5 V.
Bis 1969 gibt es ca. 92 Modelle der tragbaren Radios (Koffer- bzw. «Handradios», d.h. «Hand held radios»). Beispielsweise finden sich im Katalog 1961/62 [448] je 11 Tischradios und Radiomöbel sowie 8 Modelle von Reiseradios. 17 verschiedene Fernsehmodelle zeigen dagegen, wo in jener Zeit der Erfolg zu holen war.
Gemäss [FT7901] liegt Nordmende während kurzer Zeit mit der sogenannten «Tippomatik-Bedienung» sogar technisch vorne. Siehe auch Philips etc.
Auch Konzertschränke scheinen Ende der 50er bis Anfang 60er Jahre eine tragende Säule für Nordmende zu sein. Dabei verwendet die Firma immer wieder gleiche Namen wie «Cabinet», «Caruso», «Casino», «Cosima» sowie «Arabella» und «Isobella» mit wechselnden Zusatz-Nummern oder den Zusatz «Stereo», z.B. in den Jahren 1959 und 1960/61.
Im März 1967 nimmt das Werk die Produktion von Farbfernsehgeräten auf. Zum Firmenjubiläum erscheint eine Gerätereihe mit der Bezeichnung 'Goldene 20'. 1969 übernehmen die Mende-Söhne Karl und Hermann die Geschäftsführung.
1977 führt der verschärfte Wettbewerb zum Verkauf der Mehrheit an den französischen Konzern Thomson-Brandt; die Familie Mende zieht sich anschliessend ganz aus dem Unternehmen zurück. Martin Mende stirbt 1982.
R.I.P. GERMANY..................
Weblinks:
Commons: Nordmende – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Tote Marke NORDMENDE – Verblasster Stolz. Artikel im Manager-Magazin
Ein neues Programm. Artikel in der Zeit
Fernseher: Inder produzieren neue Nordmende. Artikel bei itespresso.de
Videocon produziert Plasmaschirme für Nordmende. Artikel im pressetext.de
Einzelnachweise
Spectra Color Studio und Spectra SK2 Color de Luxe Studio auf radiomuseum.orgMarke Nordmende mit Digital- und Internetradios zurück, teltarif.de, Artikel vom 2. September 2017.
Company profile. Phillar, archiviert vom Original am 6. März 2008; abgerufen am 26. April 2013 (englisch).
Broschüre – Sprachmanager24. Abgerufen am 5. Januar 2015.
No comments:
Post a Comment
The most important thing to remember about the Comment Rules is this:
The determination of whether any comment is in compliance is at the sole discretion of this blog’s owner.
Comments on this blog may be blocked or deleted at any time.
Fair people are getting fair reply. Spam and useless crap and filthy comments / scrapers / observations goes all directly to My Private HELL without even appearing in public !!!
The fact that a comment is permitted in no way constitutes an endorsement of any view expressed, fact alleged, or link provided in that comment by the administrator of this site.
This means that there may be a delay between the submission and the eventual appearance of your comment.
Requiring blog comments to obey well-defined rules does not infringe on the free speech of commenters.
Resisting the tide of post-modernity may be difficult, but I will attempt it anyway.
Your choice.........Live or DIE.
That indeed is where your liberty lies.
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.