WHITE WESTINGHOUSE (I.F.I.) WM545 MISTRAL YEAR 1987.

 
The WHITE WESTINGHOUSE (I.F.I.)  WM545 MISTRAL    is a 17 (41cm) inches color portable television with 50 programs and 100 channels PLL synthesized tuning and remote "Digicomputer 43".

The set is fabricated by Industria Formenti Italia under brand licensing.

• Frontly a  3x8 digit red led display for programs/channels numbers.

This color television is featured with PLL frequency synthesized tuning system, a television tuning system employs a frequency synthesizer system for establishing the tuning of the receiver, featured with a Microcomputer driven synthesis system.A tuning system is provided in which the tuning function is substantially integrated in a microprocessor. A fixed modulus counter is cascaded with a programmable counter (or timer) found within the microprocesor thereby extending the counting range of the programmable counter. Then by prescaling the output of the local oscillator to a value below the toggle frequency of the microprocessor counter, the microprocessor may periodically measure the output frequency of the oscillator and, if necessary, generate correction signals therefor.
Some prior art tuning systems for use with a voltage tunable tuner have utilized a plurality of preset potentiometers each adjusted to supply a voltage required to tune the tuner to a desired channel. Mechanical or electronic switches have been employed to connect one of the preset voltages at a time to the tuner. With this method of tuning, the channel being received is not accurately identified by the system. Initially, in order to set each of the potentiometers to permit reception of desired channels, a viewer must determine the channel being received by channel call letters and/or channel number identification periodically transmitted from the television station. Typically, after the channel being received has been identified, a plastic insert having the channel number printed thereon is placed in front of a lamp which will be illuminated whenever this channel is selected.
Television receivers of the type under consideration frequently include a frequency synthesizer for tuning the receiver's local oscillator to the nominal carrier frequency of a selected television channel. Generally, the frequency synthesizer compares the local oscillator frequency to a reference frequency associated with the selected channel, and then varies the local oscillator frequency until it equals the reference frequency. Presumably, the receiver will now be correctly tuned to the selected channel.

This method of tuning the receiver relies, of course, on the frequency of the incoming television signal being equal to its nominal or standard frequency.
The object of this invention is to provide a tuning system which uses a frequency synthesizer implemented with a microprocessor.A further object of this invention is to provide a tuning system in which the tuning function occurs primarily within the microprocessor.
These objects are achieved in a frequency synthesized tuning system comprising a variable oscillator and a microprocessor coupled to said variable oscillator for the control thereof, said microprocessor having a programmable counter therein, wherein the tuning function of said tuning system is substantially integrated within said microprocessor, characterized in that said tuning system further comprises means coupled between said oscillator and said microprocessor for extending the capacity of said programmable counter, whereby said programmable counter may be used for measuring the output frequency of said variable oscillator.
The system employed in the tv permits utilization of a frequency synthesizer tuning system which correctly tunes to a desired television station or channel even if the transmitted signals from that station are not precisely maintained at the proper frequencies even in combination of a fine tuning adjustable by the user.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved tuning system for a television receiver.
It is an additional object of this invention to provide an improved frequency synthesizer tuning system for a television receiver.

PLL SYNTHESIZED TUNING System Concepts:

INTRODUCTION Digital tuning systems are fast replacing the conventional mechanical systems in AM FM and television receivers The desirability of the digital approach is mainly due to the following features * Precise tuning of station frequencies
* Exact digital frequency display
* Keyboard entry of desired frequency
* Virtually unlimited station memory
* Up down scanning through the band
* Station ‘‘search’’ (stop on next active station)
* Power on to the last station
* Easy option for time-of-day clock In addition
" recent "developments in large scale integrated circuit technology and new varactor diodes for the AM band have made the cost-benefit picture for digital tuning very attractive System partitioning is extremely important in optimizing this cost-benefit picture as will be discussed.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A simplified block diagram of a typical digitally tuned receiver is shown in Figure 1 Notice this receiver could be one for AM FM marine radio or television it makes no difference The frequency synthesizer block generates the local oscillator frequency for the receiver just as a conventional mechanical tuner would However the phase-locked-loop (PLL) acts as an integral frequency multiplier of an accurate crystal controlled reference frequency while the mechanical type provides a continuously variable frequency output with no reference Some method of controlling the value of the multiplier for channel tuning must be provided The other RF IF and audio video circuitry will be the same as in the mechanical tuning method There are many different ways to partition the frequency synthesizer system to perform the digital tuning function................

• The tuning is for this capable of 100 channels PLL synthesized tuner .  
• It has even AV Scart socket and  2 antenna above backside placed..
• Thes set is a first of a series featuring a high integrated chassis shared from 90° to big 110° CRT TUBES:
  

• The set features a Toshiba "Minineck" CRT Tube with square screen and blackmatrix.,with  bright dazzling superb pictures , In a conventional shadow-mask-type CRT, graphic images are reproduced by red, green, and blue electron beams emitted from means for producing them which pass through a hole of a shadow mask, converge into a point, and collide with red, green, and blue phosphors formed on a phosphor screen of an inner surface of a panel.
• The phosphor screen comprises red, green, and blue phosphors which have a pattern and black matrix which is formed on the same surface and between the phosphors. Generally, the black matrix is a photo-absorptive layer produced by using photoresisting effect of a photoresist.
• The black matrix for a color CRT is produced by packing illuminescent absorptive materials between phosphors. The black matrix prevents the contrast of the CRT from decreasing, which is caused by luminescence of aluminium layer occurring when the electrons scattered around the inner panel of the CRT and the hole of a shadow mask collide with the phosphor screen. The black matrix also prevents the chromaticity from decreasing, which is caused by luminescence of dots and stripes of the phosphors when the neighboring dots and stripes are radiated by the electron beams.

.............The set is..............heavy to transport.

A SCART Connector (which stands for Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs) is a standard for connecting audio-visual equipment together. The official standard for SCART is CENELEC document number EN 50049-1. SCART is also known as Péritel (especially in France) and Euroconnector but the name SCART will be used exclusively herein. The standard defines a 21-pin connector (herein after a SCART connector) for carrying analog television signals. Various pieces of equipment may be connected by cables having a plug fitting the SCART connectors. Television apparatuses commonly include one or more SCART connectors.

Although a SCART connector is bidirectional, the present invention is concerned with the use of a SCART connector as an input connector for receiving signals into a television apparatus. A SCART connector can receive input television signals either in an RGB format in which the red, green and blue signals are received on Pins 15, 11 and 7, respectively, or alternatively in an S-Video format in which the luminance (Y) and chroma (C) signals are received on Pins 20 and 15. As a result of the common usage of Pin 15 in accordance with the SCART standard, a SCART connector cannot receive input television signals in an RGB format and in an S-Video format at the same time.

Consequently many commercially available television apparatuses include a separate SCART connectors each dedicated to receive input television signals in one of an RGB format and an S-Video format. This limits the functionality of the SCART connectors. In practical terms, the number of SCART connectors which can be provided on a television apparatus is limited by cost and space considerations. However, different users wish the input a wide range of different combinations of formats of television signals, depending on the equipment they personally own and use. However, the provision of SCART connectors dedicated to input television signals in one of an RGB format and an S-Video format limits the overall connectivity of the television apparatus. Furthermore, for many users the different RGB format and S-Video format are confusing. Some users may not understand or may mistake the format of a television signal being supplied on a given cable from a given piece of equipment. This can result in the supply of input television signals of an inappropriate format for the SCART connector concerned.

This kind of connector is todays obsoleted !

The set wasn't expensive and was fabricated by Formenti Industry in Italy with a reliable and durable simple chassis design.

The reliability of these sets was known that they last until the tube goes off after tens of thousands of hours.

The set here shown has over 20000 hours and still in working order without any service made before.

These sets have super bright picture and buy price was on the cheap and almost everlasting.


FORMENTI GROUP HISTORY It was founded in Desio ( Milan ) from Carlo Formenti in 1947 , under the name Carlo Formenti sas, and began his activities with the construction of radio , designed by the same founder, private label and under contract with other brands.

In 1953 the activities were moved to a new factory with 80 employees and was launched early production of TV sets in black and white , mostly as a subcontractor for major brands like Telefunken , Singer and Siemens .

Three years later began exports to foreign countries, and always as a subcontractor produced devices with trademarks for the large retail chains in Europe.


In 1961 took over the Italian plant of U.S. Admiral of Concorezzo with its 1,000 employees and a production capacity of 500 units per day, the license for the brand , and continued with the production of television and radio.
Admiral was formed Formenti SpA based in Milan , Lombardy and the company began its period of expansion so that within a few years led her to be one of the largest in the industry nationally.

Moreover, the production was extended to the field of "white" with the start of production of washing machines .

During the sixties , the head office and administration of the company, which changed its name to Industrie Formenti SpA Italy, was moved to Liss .

In 1972 was inaugurated a new plant in Sessa Aurunca for the production of color televisions with brands Admiral, Phoenix , Philco , and Televideon Uranya. Formenti was actually the first in Italy to produce the equipment, but until 1976 were marketed exclusively in the Central European countries, especially France and Germany , where for some time had already begun broadcasting in color.

Since 1983 the Group Formenti appeared on the market with another brand, White-Westinghouse , which became the most important with TVs, VCRs and household products from the same company Brianza.
In subsequent years Formenti used other brands as DuMont and Schaub-Lorenz .

Partially affected by the general crisis of the Italian electronic, in 1984 the public financial REL entered the capital Formenti record the 27.75% of the shares . The company, which by then had 580 employees scattered in the two plants, however, was one of the few entries in orbit REL able to repair their accounts in a short time.

In 1989 was started the modernization and extension of the establishment of Sessa, the installation of assembly automation , which allowed the company to undergo an increase in productivity from 300 to 2,200 pieces per day,The establishment of Concorezzo was instead intended to produce a new monitor and display for professional computer and ATM .

The company's continued A successful period during the nineties . Its sales went from over 108 billion lire in 1991 to 310 made in 1999 . Meanwhile, the Group acquired it in Monza 1997 the brand Imperial and the failed Sèleco , noting the brands Brionvega and Tandberg and the establishment of Pordenone (activated in 1998 ), and finally the Formenti family formed a new group called Sèleco-Formenti SpA, the which Charles, the founder, assumed the presidency, while the sons John and Julius, held the positions of CEO and director, respectively .



But since the year 2000 for Formenti begins a period of severe crisis. The company's balance sheet records a large deficit due to declining sales, the latter factor caused by the aggressive competition of producers Turkish color TV, put on the market at competitive prices clearly and without adequate anti- dumping on the part of ' European Union .

Also as a result of the difficulties facing the company, it decided to close the two plants Concorezzo ( 2000 ) and Sessa Aurunca ( 2003 ), respectively, 130 and 440 employees, as well as staff reductions in the Friuli .

In 2004 the company was put into liquidation , and then it is decided by the commissioner, the Court of Monza that appointment as curator Professor. Francesco Fimmanò. After a long period of unemployment benefits for workers of the company, shed of Pordenone and brands Sèleco, Brionvega and Imperial in 2006 are awarded to the Super / / Fluo , a company based in Udine owned by the brothers Carlo and Marco Asquini. The new property will only tempoi to produce some brand Imperial model tv, radio, and a Seleco brand new LCD TV brand Brionvega before the bankruptcy of the same. From this to save the brand Super / / Fluo, while the other brands owned and acquired by Formenti will pass to the new property called Selek Brionvega Technology and the mark for both audio and video production will switch to SIM2 Multimedia, the renowned Italian company field projectors.