All semiconductors circuits were made by:ates and PHILIPS.
SGS is Società Generale Semiconduttori - Aquila Tubi E Semiconduttori (SGS-ATES, "Semiconductor General Society - Tubes and Semiconductors Aquila"), later SGS Microelettronica, a former Italian company now merged into STMicroelectronics
The line deflection is using the
TRANSISTOR NPN SILICIUM, MESA DIFFUSE
The BU 109 is a fast switching high voltage
transistor. It is primarly intended for use in V 330 V
horizontal deflection output stage of black
and white TV receivers fitted with 110° picture tube.
ABSOLUTE RATINGS (LIMITING VALUES) t = 25°C (Unless otherwise stated)
Collector-base voltage VCB 330 V
Collector-emitter voltage 120V
Collector-emitter voltage VBE = -5 V VCEX 330V
Emitter-base volt 10 V
Collector current 10 A
Peak collector current 15A
Base current 3 A
Power dissipation = 25 C 85 W
Storage temperature min. t -65 °C
Temperature de stockage maX +200°c
and 2 x AY102.
Power supply is realized with mains transformer and Linear transistorized power supply stabilizer, A DC power supply apparatus includes a rectifier circuit which rectifies an input commercial AC voltage. The rectifier output voltage is smoothed in a smoothing capacitor. Voltage stabilization is provided in the stabilizing circuits by the use of Zener diode circuits to provide biasing to control the collector-emitter paths of respective transistors.A linear regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention has an input node receiving an unregulated voltage and an output node providing a regulated voltage. The linear regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator, a bias circuit, and a current control device.
In one embodiment, the current control device is implemented as an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) having a collector electrode forming the input node of the linear regulator circuit, an emitter electrode coupled to the input of the voltage regulator, and a base electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias circuit. A first capacitor may be coupled between the input and reference terminals of the voltage regulator and a second capacitor may be coupled between the output and reference terminals of the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator may be implemented as known to those skilled in the art, such as an LDO or non-LDO 3-terminal regulator or the like.
The bias circuit may include a bias device and a current source. The bias device has a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the current control device. The current source has an input coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device and an output coupled to the second terminal of the bias device. A capacitor may be coupled between the first and second terminals of the bias device.
In the bias device and current source embodiment, the bias device may be implemented as a Zener diode, one or more diodes coupled in series, at least one light emitting diode, or any other bias device which develops sufficient voltage while receiving current from the current source. The current source may be implemented with a PNP BJT having its collector electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias device, at least one first resistor having a first end coupled to the emitter electrode of the PNP BJT and a second end, a Zener diode and a second resistor. The Zener diode has an anode coupled to the base electrode of the PNP BJT and a cathode coupled to the second end of the first resistor. The second resistor has a first end coupled to the anode of the Zener diode and a second end coupled to the reference terminal of the voltage regulator. A second Zener diode may be included having an anode coupled to the cathode of the first Zener diode and a cathode coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device.
A circuit is disclosed for improving operation of a linear regulator, having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a reference terminal. The circuit includes an input node, a transistor, a bias circuit, and first and second capacitors. The transistor has a first current electrode coupled to the input node, a second current electrode for coupling to the input terminal of the linear regulator, and a control electrode. The bias circuit has a first terminal for coupling to the output terminal of the linear regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the transistor. The first capacitor is for coupling between the input and reference terminals of the linear regulator, and the second capacitor is for coupling between the output and reference terminals of the linear regulator. The bias circuit develops a voltage sufficient to drive the control terminal of the transistor and to operate the linear regulator. The bias circuit may be a battery, a bias device and a current source, a floating power supply, a charge pump, or any combination thereof. The transistor may be implemented as a BJT or FET or any other suitable current controlled device.
Power
Supply: The examples chosen are taken from manufacturers' circuit
diagrams and are usually simplified to emphasise the fundamental nature
of the circuit. For each example the particular transistor properties
that are exploited to achieve the desired performance are made clear. As
a rough and ready classification the circuits are arranged in order of
frequency: this part is devoted to circuits used at zero frequency,
field frequency and audio frequencies. Series Regulator Circuit Portable
television receivers are designed to operate from batteries (usually
12V car batteries) and from the a.c. mains. The receiver usually has an
11V supply line, and circuitry is required to ensure that the supply
line is at this voltage whether the power source is a battery or the
mains. The supply line also needs to have good regulation, i.e. a low
output resistance, to ensure that the voltage remains constant in spite
of variations in the mean current taken by some of the stages in the
receiver. Fig. 1 shows a typical circuit of the power -supply
arrangements. The mains transformer and bridge rectifier are designed to
deliver about 16V. The battery can be assumed to give just over 12V.
Both feed the regulator circuit Trl, Tr2, Tr3, which gives an 11V output
and can be regarded as a three -stage direct -coupled amplifier. The
first stage Tr 1 is required to give an output current proportional to
the difference between two voltages, one being a constant voltage
derived from the voltage reference diode D I (which is biased via R3
from the stabilised supply). The second voltage is obtained from a
preset potential divider connected across the output of the unit, and is
therefore a sample of the output voltage. In effect therefore Tr 1
compares the output voltage of the unit with a fixed voltage and gives
an output current proportional to the difference between them. Clearly a
field-effect transistor could do this, but the low input resistance of a
bipolar transistor is no disadvantage and it can give a current output
many times that of a field-effect transistor and is generally preferred
therefore. The output current of the first stage is amplified by the two
subsequent stages and then becomes the output current of the unit.
Clearly therefore Tr2 and Tr3 should be current amplifiers and they
normally take the form of emitter followers or common emitter stages
(which have the same current gain). By adjusting the preset control we
can alter the fraction of the output voltage' applied to the first stage
and can thus set the output voltage of the unit at any desired value
within a certain range. By making assumptions about the current gain of
the transistors we can calculate the degree of regulation obtainable.
For example, suppose the gain of Tr2 and Tr3 in cascade is 1,000, and
that the current output demanded from the unit changes by 0.1A (for
example due to the disconnection of part of the load). The corresponding
change in Tr l's collector current is 0.1mA and, if the standing
collector current of Tr 1 is 1mA, then its mutual conductance is
approximately 4OmA/V and the base voltage must change by 2.5mV to bring
about the required change in collector current. If the preset potential
divider feeds one half of the output voltage to Tr l's base, then the
change in output voltage must be 5mV. Thus an 0.1A change in output
current brings about only 5mV change in output voltage: this represents
an output resistance of only 0.0552.
- The EHT Output is realized with a selenium rectifier.
The EHT selenium rectifier which is a Specially designed selenium rectifiers were once widely used as EHT rectifiers in television sets and photocopiers. A layer of selenium was applied to a sheet of soft iron foil, and thousands of tiny discs (typically 2mm diameter) were punched out of this and assembled as "stacks" inside ceramic tubes. Rectifiers capable of supplying tens of thousands of volts could be made this way. Their internal resistance was extremely high, but most EHT applications only required a few hundred microamps at most, so this was not normally an issue. With the development of inexpensive high voltage silicon rectifiers, this technology has fallen into disuse.
SGS is Società Generale Semiconduttori - Aquila Tubi E Semiconduttori (SGS-ATES, "Semiconductor General Society - Tubes and Semiconductors Aquila"), later SGS Microelettronica, a former Italian company now merged into STMicroelectronics
SGS Microelettronica and Thomson Semiconducteurs were both long-established semiconductor companies. SGS Microelettronica originated in 1972 from a previous merger of two companies:
- ATES (Aquila Tubi e Semiconduttori), a vacuum tube and semiconductor maker headquartered in the Abruzzese city of l'Aquila, who in 1961 changed its name into Azienda Tecnica ed Elettronica del Sud and relocated its manufacturing plant in the outskirts of the Sicilian city of Catania
- Società Generale Semiconduttori (founded in 1957 by Adriano Olivetti).
The line deflection is using the
BU109A
A SILICON PNP TRANSISTOR, see below the datasheet:
BU109A
NPN TRANSISTOR, DIFFUSED MESATRANSISTOR NPN SILICIUM, MESA DIFFUSE
The BU 109 is a fast switching high voltage
transistor. It is primarly intended for use in V 330 V
horizontal deflection output stage of black
and white TV receivers fitted with 110° picture tube.
ABSOLUTE RATINGS (LIMITING VALUES) t = 25°C (Unless otherwise stated)
Collector-base voltage VCB 330 V
Collector-emitter voltage 120V
Collector-emitter voltage VBE = -5 V VCEX 330V
Emitter-base volt 10 V
Collector current 10 A
Peak collector current 15A
Base current 3 A
Power dissipation = 25 C 85 W
Storage temperature min. t -65 °C
Temperature de stockage maX +200°c
and 2 x AY102.
Power supply is realized with mains transformer and Linear transistorized power supply stabilizer, A DC power supply apparatus includes a rectifier circuit which rectifies an input commercial AC voltage. The rectifier output voltage is smoothed in a smoothing capacitor. Voltage stabilization is provided in the stabilizing circuits by the use of Zener diode circuits to provide biasing to control the collector-emitter paths of respective transistors.A linear regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention has an input node receiving an unregulated voltage and an output node providing a regulated voltage. The linear regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator, a bias circuit, and a current control device.In one embodiment, the current control device is implemented as an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) having a collector electrode forming the input node of the linear regulator circuit, an emitter electrode coupled to the input of the voltage regulator, and a base electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias circuit. A first capacitor may be coupled between the input and reference terminals of the voltage regulator and a second capacitor may be coupled between the output and reference terminals of the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator may be implemented as known to those skilled in the art, such as an LDO or non-LDO 3-terminal regulator or the like.
The bias circuit may include a bias device and a current source. The bias device has a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the current control device. The current source has an input coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device and an output coupled to the second terminal of the bias device. A capacitor may be coupled between the first and second terminals of the bias device.
In the bias device and current source embodiment, the bias device may be implemented as a Zener diode, one or more diodes coupled in series, at least one light emitting diode, or any other bias device which develops sufficient voltage while receiving current from the current source. The current source may be implemented with a PNP BJT having its collector electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias device, at least one first resistor having a first end coupled to the emitter electrode of the PNP BJT and a second end, a Zener diode and a second resistor. The Zener diode has an anode coupled to the base electrode of the PNP BJT and a cathode coupled to the second end of the first resistor. The second resistor has a first end coupled to the anode of the Zener diode and a second end coupled to the reference terminal of the voltage regulator. A second Zener diode may be included having an anode coupled to the cathode of the first Zener diode and a cathode coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device.A circuit is disclosed for improving operation of a linear regulator, having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a reference terminal. The circuit includes an input node, a transistor, a bias circuit, and first and second capacitors. The transistor has a first current electrode coupled to the input node, a second current electrode for coupling to the input terminal of the linear regulator, and a control electrode. The bias circuit has a first terminal for coupling to the output terminal of the linear regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the transistor. The first capacitor is for coupling between the input and reference terminals of the linear regulator, and the second capacitor is for coupling between the output and reference terminals of the linear regulator. The bias circuit develops a voltage sufficient to drive the control terminal of the transistor and to operate the linear regulator. The bias circuit may be a battery, a bias device and a current source, a floating power supply, a charge pump, or any combination thereof. The transistor may be implemented as a BJT or FET or any other suitable current controlled device.
Power
Supply: The examples chosen are taken from manufacturers' circuit
diagrams and are usually simplified to emphasise the fundamental nature
of the circuit. For each example the particular transistor properties
that are exploited to achieve the desired performance are made clear. As
a rough and ready classification the circuits are arranged in order of
frequency: this part is devoted to circuits used at zero frequency,
field frequency and audio frequencies. Series Regulator Circuit Portable
television receivers are designed to operate from batteries (usually
12V car batteries) and from the a.c. mains. The receiver usually has an
11V supply line, and circuitry is required to ensure that the supply
line is at this voltage whether the power source is a battery or the
mains. The supply line also needs to have good regulation, i.e. a low
output resistance, to ensure that the voltage remains constant in spite
of variations in the mean current taken by some of the stages in the
receiver. Fig. 1 shows a typical circuit of the power -supply
arrangements. The mains transformer and bridge rectifier are designed to
deliver about 16V. The battery can be assumed to give just over 12V.
Both feed the regulator circuit Trl, Tr2, Tr3, which gives an 11V output
and can be regarded as a three -stage direct -coupled amplifier. The
first stage Tr 1 is required to give an output current proportional to
the difference between two voltages, one being a constant voltage
derived from the voltage reference diode D I (which is biased via R3
from the stabilised supply). The second voltage is obtained from a
preset potential divider connected across the output of the unit, and is
therefore a sample of the output voltage. In effect therefore Tr 1
compares the output voltage of the unit with a fixed voltage and gives
an output current proportional to the difference between them. Clearly a
field-effect transistor could do this, but the low input resistance of a
bipolar transistor is no disadvantage and it can give a current output
many times that of a field-effect transistor and is generally preferred
therefore. The output current of the first stage is amplified by the two
subsequent stages and then becomes the output current of the unit.
Clearly therefore Tr2 and Tr3 should be current amplifiers and they
normally take the form of emitter followers or common emitter stages
(which have the same current gain). By adjusting the preset control we
can alter the fraction of the output voltage' applied to the first stage
and can thus set the output voltage of the unit at any desired value
within a certain range. By making assumptions about the current gain of
the transistors we can calculate the degree of regulation obtainable.
For example, suppose the gain of Tr2 and Tr3 in cascade is 1,000, and
that the current output demanded from the unit changes by 0.1A (for
example due to the disconnection of part of the load). The corresponding
change in Tr l's collector current is 0.1mA and, if the standing
collector current of Tr 1 is 1mA, then its mutual conductance is
approximately 4OmA/V and the base voltage must change by 2.5mV to bring
about the required change in collector current. If the preset potential
divider feeds one half of the output voltage to Tr l's base, then the
change in output voltage must be 5mV. Thus an 0.1A change in output
current brings about only 5mV change in output voltage: this represents
an output resistance of only 0.0552.- The EHT Output is realized with a selenium rectifier.
The EHT selenium rectifier which is a Specially designed selenium rectifiers were once widely used as EHT rectifiers in television sets and photocopiers. A layer of selenium was applied to a sheet of soft iron foil, and thousands of tiny discs (typically 2mm diameter) were punched out of this and assembled as "stacks" inside ceramic tubes. Rectifiers capable of supplying tens of thousands of volts could be made this way. Their internal resistance was extremely high, but most EHT applications only required a few hundred microamps at most, so this was not normally an issue. With the development of inexpensive high voltage silicon rectifiers, this technology has fallen into disuse.
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