DIAGNOSED CONSOLIDATED Acute myeloid leukemia (AML M3) RAR ALPHA BCR3 HIGH RISK, also known as acute myelogenous leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).
FURTHER INFORMATION HERE.
Wednesday, December 31, 2014
IMPORTANT COMMUNICATE FOR ALL READERS !
Tuesday, September 23, 2014
1.000.000 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! TODAY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
TODAY.............................................
Obsolete Technology Tellye !
Have reached the 1000000 pageview / visit.
THANK YOU !
FURTHER SOME INTERESTING ASPECTS:
Believe me this projects costs to me a lot of money and VERY high time consuming work, divided in this type of things and jobs: (And I'm not millionaire............)
- - STORAGE FOR ALL TELLYES AND PARTS. (MOST EXPENSIVE PART)
- - SEARCH AND RESCUEING ACTIVITY ALL AROUND .
- - TRANSPORT OF THE STUFF FROM SOURCE OF PLACE OF STORAGE.
- - TRANSPORT OF THE STUFF TO AND FROM STORAGE.
- - TRANSPORT EXPENSES EVEN UNRELATED TO STUFF DIRECTLY.
- - DETAILED INVENTORY.
- - SOME ADJUSTMENTS BEFORE PRESENTATION EVALUATIONS.
- - EVALUATION OF SINGLE MODELS AND INPUT TO SITE TARGET AND PUBLISHING.
- - PHOTOGRAPHING IN ALL WAY: OUT AND IN AND PARTS ALL TELLYES IN FRONT OF "THE RUSTY LADDER" SCENE.
- - DOCUMENTATION OF THE TELLYE ITSELF ALONE.
- - DOCUMENTATION AND CIRCUITS DESCRIPTIONS AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS APPLICATIONS KNOWLDEGE DISCUSSIONS / R&D .
- - PHOTO MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL POST PROCESSING VERSUS WEB COMPATIBILTY AND SERVER FRIENDLY.
- - POST DEVELOPMENT.
- - MANY COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR VARIOUS TASKS AND WORK AROUND.
- - GRAPHIC ASSET FOR EVERY TELLYE AND PARTS OF IT.
- - UPLOADING AND POST EDITING.
- - END TARGET PUBLISHING .
To me i have to say that I made famous what basically for many time was an unknown thingIn a original way and style.
Many of The tellyes apparatus what many people have had in their house living rooms by ages and even NOW SADLY THROWN AWAY now they're here to show their best with my (little ????) help instead of waiting on a ground container, under rain and crap, to be shredded.
When the blog/website was first set up in 2010, I decided that it would be free-to-access and that costs when they occurred would be absorbed by me. My aim was to make many years of work freely available, and making money from it, was never my purpose. The website has always been a one-man operation, and unfortunately expenses have increased significantly expecially storage - fuel - related costs - people unfairness, and in the longer term it is no longer feasible to absorb costs.
Have GREAT FUN ! !
©2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Frank Sharp - You do not have permission to copy photos and words from this blog, and any content may be never used it for auctions or commercial purposes, however feel free to post anything you see here with a courtesy link back, btw a link to the original post here , is mandatory.
All sets and apparates appearing here are property of
Engineer Frank Sharp. NOTHING HERE IS FOR SALE !
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Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!
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AND..........EVEN.....IF.....EUROPE IS SINKING DOWN THE DRAIN.........................THE PAST COMES UP.....as a portrait on how it WAS before..........THE EU CRAP !!!
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Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!
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Every CRT Television saved let revive knowledge, thoughts, moments of the past life which will never return again.........
Don't forget the past, the end of the world is upon us! Pretty soon it will all turn to dust!
Saturday, April 12, 2014
REX (ZANUSSI) 21RM429 YEAR 1991.
The REX 21RM429 is a 21 inches (51cm) color television with 30 programs VST tuning system.
Was first ZANUSSI tv set featuring an OSD for all functions in one unit using a microcomputer from ITT the TVPO2066 (the after 2065 type).
The ITT TVPO2066 is an intelligent microcomputer in N–channel MOS technology. On one silicon chip, it contains all operating and tuning functions of a modern TV receiver. Thus, along with the non–volatile memory (MDA 2062, NVM 3060), the SAA 1250, IRT 1250 or IRT 1260 remote–control transmitter and the TBA 2800 preamplifier this offers a very economic solution for TV receivers with on–screen display and voltage synthesizer tuning .On screen display (OSD) arrangements employed in video processing systems include a switching (or "multiplexing") network for switching between graphic image representative signals and normal video signals so that a graphic image can be displayed on the screen of a picture reproduction device either in place of the image represented by the video signals or together with (inserted in) the image. The graphic image can take the form of alphanumeric symbols or-pictorial graphics, and can be used to indicate status information, such as channel numbers or time, or operating instructions.A digital control circuit with a device for generating a high-resolution tuning voltage is suitable for use in receivers for RF signals, particularly in consumer equipment. The tuning voltage can be electronically switched from one value to another at a high speed. The transient time required with conventional control loops is nearly eliminated since the low-pass filter or the digital integrator is preset to its steady-state integration value. To generate the tuning voltage, dynamic digital-to-analog convertors are provided which, despite their high resolution, require only a smoothing filter with a short response time and a short time constant.
In an OSD arrangement for use in an analog video signal processing system, the multiplexing network typically operates to switch in levels corresponding to the desired intensity of respective portions of the graphic image at the time the graphic image portions are to be displayed. In such an arrangement the graphic image representative signals take the form of timing pulses which occur when the graphic image portions are to be displayed and are used to control the multiplexing network. Such an analog OSD arrangement can also be used in a digital video processing system, but requires that the video signals be first converted to analog form. While digital video signal processing systems typically include a digital-to-analog converter section in which the digital video signals are converted to analog form, it may be more cost effective for the OSD arrangement to be incorporated as an integral part of the digital video processing section.
Earlier ZANUSSI tv sets have had the OSD feature partially only on the Digital tv sets Digivision ITT chipset featured for bigger expensive models.
The set has AV SCART socket and frontal headphone jack. The speaker is placed in the middle of the bottom cabinet part.
A SCART Connector (which stands for Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs) is a standard for connecting audio-visual equipment together. The official standard for SCART is CENELEC document number EN 50049-1. SCART is also known as Péritel (especially in France) and Euroconnector but the name SCART will be used exclusively herein. The standard defines a 21-pin connector (herein after a SCART connector) for carrying analog television signals. Various pieces of equipment may be connected by cables having a plug fitting the SCART connectors. Television apparatuses commonly include one or more SCART connectors.
Although a SCART connector is bidirectional, the present invention is concerned with the use of a SCART connector as an input connector for receiving signals into a television apparatus. A SCART connector can receive input television signals either in an RGB format in which the red, green and blue signals are received on Pins 15, 11 and 7, respectively, or alternatively in an S-Video format in which the luminance (Y) and chroma (C) signals are received on Pins 20 and 15. As a result of the common usage of Pin 15 in accordance with the SCART standard, a SCART connector cannot receive input television signals in an RGB format and in an S-Video format at the same time.This kind of connector is todays obsoleted !Consequently many commercially available television apparatuses include a separate SCART connectors each dedicated to receive input television signals in one of an RGB format and an S-Video format. This limits the functionality of the SCART connectors. In practical terms, the number of SCART connectors which can be provided on a television apparatus is limited by cost and space considerations. However, different users wish the input a wide range of different combinations of formats of television signals, depending on the equipment they personally own and use. However, the provision of SCART connectors dedicated to input television signals in one of an RGB format and an S-Video format limits the overall connectivity of the television apparatus. Furthermore, for many users the different RGB format and S-Video format are confusing. Some users may not understand or may mistake the format of a television signal being supplied on a given cable from a given piece of equipment. This can result in the supply of input television signals of an inappropriate format for the SCART connector concerned.
The set features a PHILIPS FSQ CRT TUBE Type.
(Another curbside found just added to my collection last week...........fully functional....superb pictures)
Zanussi was an Italian producer of home appliances that in 1984 was bought by Electrolux . Zanussi is a leading brand for domestic kitchen appliances in Europe. Products have been exported from Italy since 1946.
The Zanussi Company began as the small workshop of Antonio Zanussi in 1916. The enterprising 26-year-old son of a blacksmith in Pordenone in Northeastern Italy began the business by making home stoves and wood-burning ovens.
After his father death in 1946 “Lino Zanussi” became the President of the company.
In the early 1970s Zanussi sold a lot in the UK and for some time after under the “Zoppas” brand, name which had been acquired, making Zanussi the first largest Italian appliance maker. They also produced washing machines Hotpoint for Hotpoint at this time which were very reliable and highly rated by users and engineers.
In the late 1970s and into the early 1980s the company had a range of washing machines which used an induction motor with a clutch pulley system. Again this range proved extremely popular and very reliable.
During this period Zanussi Professional, the catering range of appliances for commercial use, became a separate division in its own right.
In the early 1980s Zanussi launched the Jetsystem washing machine range to great acclaim whilst at the same time running the “Appliance Of Science” advertising campaign which is acknowledged as one of the most successful marketing campaigns of all time, in fact still remembered by many today. This gave the brand the impression of being forward thinking and innovative.
Zanussi has recently been rebranded as Zanussi-Electrolux in line with many other Electrolux brand names. Since that time many Zanussi appliances share common components and parts with the rest of the Electrolux range, primarily Electrolux, Tricity Bendix and AEG although it is worth noting that the “John Lewis” branded machines sold by the John Lewis Partnership in the UK are effectively rebranded Zanussi appliances.
In the late 1980s Zanussi launched the split tank design known as the “Nexus Tub” design which endures to this day with little change. The tub, base and certain other parts are made from a plastic material known as “Carboran” which can be re-used several times if recycled. To this day neither Zanussi or Electrolux has provided any way to return this material for recycling purposes.
Up until the end of the 1980s Zanussi service was run from Slough and was a network of independent repairers who gave an unparalleled service level. It is generally acknowledged within the industry that this service network was the best that there has ever been in the UK.
In the early 1990s Electrolux instigated amalgamating all its UK brands under one service entity. This entity was split, dependent on region, between the Zanussi service agents and the local Electrolux Service Centre. In general those in a high population density area where given to the Electrolux employed centres. Tricity Bendix, Electrolux and AEG as well as Zanussi were all to be serviced by the one network.
This was changed in the late 1990s and early 2000s as Electrolux sold or gave away the regional service centres, generally to the existing management or to area managers to run as independent businesses.
This service network was rebranded and became Service Force which still exists today but is, once again, all operated by independent service companies who repair and supply spare parts for all of the brands.................
..........................when the president Lino Zanussi died in a plane crash in June 1968 - Zanussi
Industries was the first Italian manufacturer of white goods and employs approximately 13000 employees.
When the Zanussi group of Pordenone lives a first phase of financial stress then Lamberto Mazza, who succeeded Lino Zanussi, decides to liquidate some social funds with share capital held by Guido Zanussi causing an outlay of 16 billion lire of that era.
Despite the Huge outlay to cope with such a withdrawal, the group aquired, in the course of 1970, competitor like Zoppas the other big Italian manufacturer of household appliances, which was,
significantly in debt due of an acquisition of Triplex in Solarolo and a construction of the new plant in Susegana.
The Zoppas, whose factories were located in Conegliano Veneto (TV), has a history quite similar to Zanussi: it is in fact founded by Ferdinand Zoppas in 1926 as an artisan company repair of wood-burning stoves and then spread widely and rapidly under the leadership of his sons Augusto and Gino.
Zanussi president, Lamberto Mazza, alleged a plan to achieve an optimal size to compete at the European level if not the world, strengthening the shares held by Zanussi on the Italian market to avoid the entry of foreign competitors (in particular the U.S. Westinghouse).
The Financial stress imposed on Zanussi by acquisition of Zoppas and, simultaneously, the increase in the incidence both of labor costs and reasons of rise up of activity intensity (In the space of a short pass from 13,000 employees to 24,000 units?) is faced with:
a. the sale to the German AEG-Telefunken
an amount equal to 25.01% of the Zanussi S.p.A.
(The operational holding company of the group)
(The share of ownership AEG-Telefunken is subsequently recognized in 1978 by Voet-Alpine.)
b. to loans from Italian Istituto Mobiliare
(IMI);
c.
about a loan of about two hundred million marks
disbursed in 1974 from Dresden Bank.
The union conflicts, the impact of labor costs (in 1974 Zanussi occupies nearly 31,000 employees), the Debt contract with institutions credit and the first oil shock induce Lamberto Mazza to start a rapid process of diversification The core of this strategy is, however, the belief that the market of appliance White has come to its stage of maturity, with a saturation level and the consequent reduction of typical viability.
Therefore, in this back of years Zanussi invests substantial financial resources to acquiring control of businesses;
(The process of growth of Zanussi, nevertheless sees the creation of new realities companys as a result of corporate spin-offs.
Considering, for example,
Zanussi Grandi Cucine SpA, Zanussi Grandi Impianti
SpA, Air Zanussi SpA, Zanussi Components for Construction SpA, the Industrialised Building ZanussiFarsura SpA to subsidiaries Iberian Zinsa-Zanussi Industrial SA Compania SA and Industrias Electrodomesticas,
and Lastly Anglo-Saxon Iaz International Ltd., was established in 1979
well as the company insurance and financial intermediation
group, called Infinas S.p.A.) with few exceptions activities not related with the core business.
In particular, remembering the concentrations of corporate sectors relating to paper (Paper Mill Galvani SpA, Cartopiave SpA and subsidiaries Cartosud and Silica), electronic (Ducati Electrical, Electronics-Inelco), construction (Seicom-Building for Integrated Components SpA), metallurgical (Smalteria and Metallurgical Veneta SpA), hotel (Borsa SpA) of furniture (Galvani Porcelain SpA, Sambuceto SA, Meson's Spring SpA SpA and its subsidiaries and Pagnucco SpA), components (Ilpea Gomma SpA), photographic equipment ( Fotomec San Marco SpA) of entertainment
(Udinese Calcio SpA) and solar photovoltaics.
(The investments of Zanussi happenned sometimes even in the indirect form
which is made through the CISVE (Industrial Consortium
Economic Development), founded by Lamberto Mazza in quality of
President of the association of Industrialists of Pordenone, as well, since 1978, through the Industrial Finance SpA, a company financial system constituted specifically for that.)
the Organization Company is formed in a matrix in which the divisional activities and are then grouped into the following sections:
1.apparatus for heating;
2.components for Building;
3.solar panels;
4.apparatus Idronet (for potability of the water);
5.components;
6.apparatus different from electronic television sets.
But when the financial situation Worsened in 1983,
Zanussi family the shareholder majority, distrusted Lamberto Mazza replacing him
initially with Umberto Cuttica, former manager of FIAT,
then later with Gianfranco Zoppas, husband of Antonia Zanussi and son Lino.
The corporate reorganization plan was then prepared by the new management and was designed to focus the now scarce financial resources in the core business of group, to continue or to divest a number of activities not closely related ( Air Zanussi, Zanussi Construction Industrialized, Zanussi Electronics, Paper Mill Galvani,Pagnucco, Fotomec, New Cartopiave) , thus preparing the field for the sale of the Entire group to Electrolux, the Swedish multinational leader in field of white goods.
Stern / REX / Zanussi / Seleco (WAS) is an electronics company based in Pordenone, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is part of Super//Fluo, who bought the rights in August, 2006, along with Brionvega and Imperial.
Sèleco was born as in 1965 as a spin-off from the home appliances maker Zanussi. In the first years of his life, Seleco produced almost black and white televisions with the Zanussi or Rex brand. The company was being sold in 1984, and was first acquired by Gian Mario Rossignolo. He first became president and then main stockholder.
During the 1980s, the company launched worldwide marketing campaigns and began sponsoring some of the most famous Italian soccer team, such as Lazio A.S..
During the '90s, the company was mainly concentrated on the production of pay-tv decoders, but in 1993 suffered from a loss of competitivity. With the intent to reshape its position and to get gave new life to the company, Gian Mario Rossignolo bought Brionvega from the Brion family, the founder. This attempt get to nowhere, so the company was forced to declare failure in 1997. During the years, Sèleco has passed through ups and downs, at the end being overcome by the continuous changes in the electronics world.
After the crack-down, the company and all its interests were bought by the Formenti family. That gave life to the Seleco-Formenti Group, owner of the rights for the brands Sèleco, Rex, Phonola, Imperial, Stern, Phoenix, Televideon, Kerion and Webrik.
The Formenti family re-launched the company with the production of CRT-TVs. In 2000, the company suffered of a strong crisis, following the price dumping made by Turkish manufacturers. That seems to led to end of the Sèleco and Brionvega story, as the Sèleco-Formenti Group was forced to liquidation.
In 2004, the rights for the radio branch were bought by Sim2 Multimedia, and all the television interests (for the brands Sèleco, Brionvega and Imperial) were acquired by Super//Fluo in August 2006.
THIS INDUSTRY IS TODAY DEAD !!!!
Some References:
"Twenty completed the acquisition of Sèleco". Home Appliances World. Milan: Tecniche Nuove. 27 December 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2019."Cessione Società" (Press release) (in Italian). A.S. Pro Piacenza 1919. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
Del Giudice, Elena (28 September 2017). "Una romana di 78 anni è la proprietaria della nuova Sèleco". Messaggero Veneto (in Italian). Retrieved 20 May 2019.
"Pro Piacenza, la società passa alla Seleco". Corriere dello Sport - Stadio (in Italian). 29 June 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
^ "Grazie a finanziamenti agevolati arrivano alla Sèleco 102 miliardi", articolo di Repubblica del 28 dicembre 1984 ^ "L'Electrolux minaccia la vendita della Sèleco", articolo di Repubblica del 13 novembre 1987 ^ "La Sèleco a Rossignolo e la REL va in pensione", articolo di Repubblica del 1º marzo 1991 ^ "A Sèleco il controllo della spagnola Elbe", articolo del Corriere della Sera del 18 marzo 1992 ^ "Terminato l'aumento di capitale della Sèleco", articolo del Corriere della Sera del 6 agosto 1994 ^ SELECO: COMPLETATO AUMENTO DI CAPITALE, Adnkronos, 3 agosto 1994. URL consultato il 30 giugno 2018 (archiviato il 30 giugno 2018). ^ "Sèleco, al via il rilancio anche i dipendenti soci", articolo del Corriere della Sera dell'8 settembre 1994 ^ SELECO RICAPITALIZZATA CHIAMA ALLA PRESIDENZA MARIO BORTOLUSSI, la Repubblica, 8 settembre 1994. URL consultato il 30 giugno 2018. ^ 2000/536/CE: Decisione della Commissione, del 2 giugno 1999, relativa all'aiuto di Stato concesso dall'Italia all'impresa Seleco SpA, EUR-Lex - 32000D0536 - EN. URL consultato il 21 gennaio 2018 (archiviato il 21 gennaio 2018).
«[...] il fallimento di Seleco era stato dichiarato in data 17 aprile 1997 [...]». ^ "Super//Fluo in liquidazione. In ansia i 96 lavoratori", articolo del Messaggero Veneto del 4 marzo 2009 ^ "È A-Data uno dei partner dell'ex Sèleco", articolo del Messaggero Veneto del 28 marzo 2009 ^ "Terzo fallimento Sèleco, a casa in 97", articolo de Il Giornale del Friuli del 17 ottobre 2009 ^ Twenty acquisisce il marchio Sèleco, Editoriale Duesse-Cons. Electronics, 21 dicembre 2016 ^ Rinasce la Sèleco, previste 50 assunzioni, Messaggero Veneto, 5 aprile 2017 ^ Trieste, Sèleco sbarca in Porto vecchio del 26 settembre 2017
^ Sèleco, il tribunale di Milano dichiara il fallimento del 16 maggio 2019
^ Domani in campo con SELECO, articolo di sslazio.it del 29 aprile 2017
^ Sèleco sponsor ufficiale, articolo di sslazio.it del 2 maggio 2017
^ Cuore Napoli Basket, è ufficiale la partnership con Sèleco, articolo di iamnaples.it dell'11 maggio 2017
^ Sèleco è il nuovo title sponsor della Nuoto Catania, articolo di seleco.it del 27 luglio 2017
^ Presentati gli sponsor della maglia ufficiale 2017/2018, articolo di uspontedera.it del 26 agosto 2017
^ Sèleco
rafforza il legame con la S.S. Lazio posizionando il marchio Easy Life
sul retro maglia, articolo di sslazio.it dell'11 agosto 2017
^ Sèleco Home è Main sponsor dell’Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919, articolo di seleco.it del 25 agosto 2017
^ COMUNICATO STAMPA Archiviato il 29 giugno 2018 in Internet Archive. - propiacenza.it, 29 giu 2018
^ Sèleco nuovo sponsor di UYBA Volley! - legavolleyfemminile.it, 1 sett 2018.
REX (ZANUSSI) 21RM429 CHASSIS BS700.4 INTERNAL VIEW.
Supply is based on the well TDA4601 (Siemens)
In this version was introduced first time the OSD feature with the ITT TVPO control unit instead of the earlier Motorola control unit.
It was very durable and gave not big problems except for some dry joint and leaked Electrolytic caps.
REX 21RM429 CHASSIS BS700.4 PHILIPS TDA4502A SMALL SIGNAL COMBINATION FOR COLOUR TV
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The integration into a single package of all small signal functions required for colour TV reception is
achieved in the TDA4502A. The only additional circuits required for colour TV reception are the
deflection output stages, a sound detector and amplifier, and a colour decoder.
The IC includes a vision IF amplifier and video switching circuit, AFC circuit, AGC detector with
tuner output, an integral three—level sandcastle pulse generator, fully synchronized vertical and
horizontal drive outputs and a mute circuit with external availability. A triggered vertical divider
automatically adapts to 50 or 60 Hz operating mode thereby eliminating the need for external vertical
frequency control. The sound signal must be demodulated and amplified externally.
Features
Vision IF amplifier with synchronous demodulator
AGC detector, suitable for negative modulation
AGC output to tuner
AFC circuit with ON/OFF switch
Video preamplifier
Video switch to select the internal, or an external, video signal
Horizontal synchronization circuit with two control loops
Vertical synchronization [divider system) and sawtooth generation with automatic amplitude
adjustment for 50 and 60 Hz
Transmitter identification (mute)
O Sandcastle pulse generator
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
K7 parameter symbol min. typ. max. unitSupply voltage (pin 7) V7 9.5 12 13.2 V
Supply current (pin 7) I7 — 125 — ‘ mA
Supply current (pin 11) ‘‘ V11 — 6.0 8.5 mA
Operating ambient temperature range Tamb -25 - + 65 °C
Storage temperature range Tstg -25 — + 150 °C
Total power dissipation Ptot — — 2.3 W
PACKAGE OUTLINE
28—lead DI L; plastic with internal heat spreader (SOT117).
TDA4502A
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
IF amplifier, synchronous demodulator and AFC
The IF amplifier (pins 8 and 9) has a symmetrical input, the impedance of which enables SAW-filtering
to be used. The synchronous demodulator and the AFC circuit share an external reference tuned
circuit (pins 20 and 21). An internal RC—network provides the necessary phase—shift for AFC operation.
The AFC circuit provides a control voltage output with a voltage swing greater than 9 V at pin 18.
In the internal and external mode the AFC can be switched OFF when pin 22 is connected to positive
supply.
AGC circuit
AGC gating is performed to reduce sensitivity of the IF amplifier to external noise. The AGC time
agc connected from is pin supplied tuner voltage pin 5. The point of tuner takeover is preset by the voltage level at pin 1.
Video switch circuit
The IC has a video switch with two video inputs and one video output. One input is connected to the
demodulated IF signal which is also fed to the video output pin of the peritelevision connector. The
other input can be switched to an external signal which is applied to the video input of the
peritelevision connector. The video output signal of the switch is fed to pin 25 of the IC, which is
the wnchronization part and, to the colour decoder. When the video switch is in the external mode,
the synchronization circuit is switched to the external signal. The vision IF, AGC and AFC circuits
will not be affected by the switching action and will, therefore, operate in the normal mode. Gating
for the AGC detector is switched OFF when the switch is in the external mode. The first control
loop is not switched to a low time constant when weak signals are received.
Horizontal oscillator start function
The horizontal oscillator start function is achieved by applying a current of 8.5 mA to pin 11 during the
switch-on period. This current can be taken from the mains rectifier. The main supply, pin 7, can then
be obtained from the horizontal output stage. The load current of the driver has to be added to the
start current.
Horizontal synchronization
The positive video input signal is applied to pin 25. The horizontal synchronization has two control
loops which have been introduced to
generate a sandcastle pulse. By using the oscillator sawtooth, an
accurate timing of the burst-key pulse can be made. Therefore, the phase of this sawtooth pulse must
have a fixed relationship to the sync pulse.
Horizontal phase detector
The circuit has two operating conditions:
(a) Synchronized
The first loop has afixed time constant and a gated phase detector, this enables optimum
performance for co-channel interference. The VCR mode is obtained by an additional load on
pin 22.
(b) Non-synchronized
In this condition the time constant is the same as during the VCR mode.
Vertical sync pulse
The vertical sync pulse integrator will not be disturbed when the vertical sync pulses have a width of
10 ps and a separation of 22 us. This type of vertical sync pulse is generated by video tapes with
anti-copy guard.
Vertical divider system
A synchronized divider system generates the vertical sawtooth wavefonns at pin 2. The system uses an
internal frequency doubler circuit to enable the horizontal oscillator to operate at its normal line
frequency. One line period equals 2 clock pulses.
Using the divider system avoids the requirement for vertical frequency adjustment. The divider has a
discriminator window for automatic switching from 50 Hz to 60 Hz mode. When the trigger pulse
arrives before line 576 the 60 Hz mode is selected, if not, the 50 Hz mode is selected.
The divider system operates with two different reset windows to give maximum interferencel
disturbance protection. The windows are activated via an up/down counter.
The counter is increased by 1 each time the separated vertical sync pulse is within the narrow window.
When the sync pulse is not within the narrow window the counter is decreased by 1.
The operation modes of the divider system are as follows:
Mode A
Large (search) window (divider ratio between 488 and 722)
This mode is valid for the following conditions:
0 Divider is looking for a new transmitter
O Divider ratio found — not within the narrow window limits
0 A non—standard composite video signal is detected — when a double or enlarged vertical sync pulse is
detected after the internally generated anti-top~flutter pulse has ended. This means a vertical sync
pulse width > 10 clock pulses (50 Hz); > 12 clock pulses (60 Hz). This mode is normally activated
for video tape recorders operating in the feature trick mode
0 Up/down counter value of the divider system, operating in the narrow window mode, drops below
count 6
Mode B
Narrow window (divider ratio between 522 to 528 (60 Hz) or 622 to 628 (50 Hz))
The divider system switches over to this mode when the up/down counter has reached its maximum
value of 15 approved vertical sync pulses. When the divider operates in this mode and, a vertical sync
pulse is missing within the window, the divider is reset at the end of the window and the counter value
is decreased by 1. At a counter value below 6 the divider system switches over to the large window
mode.
The divider system also generates an anti—top-flutter pulse which inhibits the Phase 1 detector during
the vertical sync pulse. The pulse width is dependent on the divider mode. In ‘Mode A’ the start is
generated by resetting the divider. In ’Mode B’ the anti—top-flutter pulse starts at the beginning of the
first equalizing pulse. The anti—top-flutter pulse ends at count 10 for the 50 Hz mode and count 12 for
the 60 Hz mode.
The vertical blanking pulse is also generated via the divider system. The start is initiated by resetting
the divider while the blanking pulse width is at count 34, (17 l
ines), for the 60 Hz mode and atcount 42, (21 lines), for the 50 Hz mode. The vertical blanking pulse, at the sandcastle output
(pin 27), is generated by adding the anti—top-flutter pulse to the blanking pulse. When the divider
operates in ‘Mode B’, the vertical blanking pulse starts at the beginning of the first equalizing pulse.
The length of the vertical blanking in this condition is 21 lines in the 60 Hz mode and 25 lines in the
50 Hz mode.
RATINGS
Limiting values in accordance with the Absolute Maximum System llEC 134)
parameter symbol min. max. unit
Supply voltage Vp = V7.5 — 13.2 V
Total power dissipation Pmt - 2.3 W
Operating ambient temperature range Tamb -25 + 65 °C
Storage temperature range Tstg -25 + 150 °C
CHARACTERISTICS
Vp = V7 = 12 V; Tamb = 25 °C; unless otherwise specified; all voltages are referenced to ground
(pin 6) unless otherwise specified
parameter conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit
Supplies
Supply voltage (pin 7) V7 9.5 12.0 13.2 V
Supply current (pin 7) I7 — 125 — mA
Supply current (pin 1 1) note 1 l 11 — 6 8.5 mA
Vision IF amplifier (pins 8 and 9)
Input sensitivity at 38.9 MHz note 2 V8 40 80 120 uV
Input sensitivity at 45.75 MHz note 2 V3 — 100 ~ uV
Differential input resistance
(pin 8 to pin 9) note 3 R3_g 0.8 1.3 1.8 kfl
Differential input capacitance
(pin 8 to pin 9) note 3 C39 — 5 —- pF
Gain control range G3_g — 62 — dB
Maximum input signal V3.9 50 100 — mV
Expansion of output signal for
50 dB variation of input signal note 4 AV17 — 1 — dB
Video amplifier note 5
Output level for zero signal input note 6 V17 3.3 3.7 4.1 V
Output signal top sync level V17 1.5 1.7 1.9 V
Amplitude of video output signal
(peak-to-peak value) note 7 V17(p_p) 1.4 1.8 2.2 V
Internal bias current of output
transistor (npn emitter
follower) l17(int) 1.4 2.0 — mA
Bandwidth of demodulated
output signal B 4.0 5.0 — M Hz
Differential gain note 8 G 17 — 5 10 %
Differential phase note 8 lp — 5 10 %
REX 21RM429 CHASSIS BS700.4 Power supply Description based on TDA4601d (SIEMENS)
dition it reaches 4v amplitude at which point chopper drive is reduced to a mark-space ratio of 13 to 1, the chip is then in over current trip. The I.C. can easily withstand a short circuit on the H.T. rail and in such a case the power supply simply squegs quietly. Pin 4 is protected by internal protection components which limit the maximum voltage at this pin to 6.5v. Should a fault occur in either of the time constant components, then the chopper transistor will probably be destroyed. Pin 5 This pin can be used for remote control on/off switching of the power supply, it is normally held at about +7v and will cause the chip to enter standby mode if it falls below 2v. Pin 6 Ground. Pin 7 Chopper switch off pin. This pin clamps the chopper drive voltage to 1.6v in order to switch off the chopper. Pin 8 Chopper base current output drive pin. Pin 9 L.T. pin, approximately 9v under start-up conditions and 16v during normal running, Current consumption of the I.C. is typically 135mA. The voltage at this pin must reach 6.7v in order for the chip to start-up.Semiconductor
circuit for supplying power to electrical equipment, comprising a
transformer having a primary winding connected, via a parallel
connection of a collector-emitter path of a transistor with a first
capacitor, to both outputs of a rectifier circuit supplied, in turn, by a
line a-c voltage; said transistor having a base controlled via a second
capacitor by an output of a control circuit acted upon, in turn by the
rectified a-c line voltage as actual value and by a reference voltage;
said transformer having a first secondary winding to which the
electrical equipment to be supplied is connected; said transformer
having a second secondary winding with one terminal thereof connected to
the emitter of said transistor and the other terminal thereof connected
to an anode of a first diode leading to said control circuit; said
transformer having a third secondary winding with one terminal thereof
connected, on the one hand, via a series connection of a third capacitor
with a first resistance, to the other terminal of said third secondary
winding and connected, on the other hand, to the emitter of said
transistor, the collector of which is connected to said primary winding;
a point between said third capacitor and said first resistance being
connected to the cathode of a second diode; said control circuit having
nine terminals including a first terminal delivering a reference voltage
and connected, via a voltage divider formed of a third and fourth
series-connected resistances, to the anode of said second diode; a
second terminal of said control circuit serving for zero-crossing
identification being connected via a fifth resistance to said cathode of
said second diode; a third terminal of said control-circuit serving as
actual value input being directly connected to a divider point of said
voltage divider forming said connection of said first terminal of said
control circuit to said anode of said second diode; a fourth terminal of
said control circuit delivering a sawtooth voltage being connected via a
sixth resistance to a terminal of said primary winding of said
transformer facing away from said transistor; a fifth terminal of said
control circuit serving as a protective input being connected, via a
seventh resistance to the cathode of said first diode and, through the
intermediary of said seventh resistance and an eighth resistance, to the
cathode of a third diode having an anode connected to an input of said
rectifier circuit; a sixth terminal of said control circuit carrying
said reference potential and being connected via a fourth capacitor to
said fourth terminal of said control circuit and via a fifth capacitor
to the anode of said second diode; a seventh terminal
of said control circuit establishing a potential for pulses controlling
said transistor being connected directly and an eighth terminal of said
control circuit effecting pulse control of the base of said transistor
being connected through the intermediary of a ninth resistance to said
first capacitor leading to the base of said transistor; and a ninth
terminal of said control circuit serving as a power supply input of said
control circuit being connected both to the cathode of said first diode
as well as via the intermediary of a sixth capacitor to a terminal of
said second secondary winding as well as to a terminal of said third
secondary winding.
Description:
Such a blocking oscillator switching power supply is described in the German periodical, "Funkschau" (1975) No. 5, pages 40 to 44. It is well known that the purpose of such a circuit is to supply electronic equipment, for example, a television set, with stabilized and controlled supply voltages. Essential for such switching power supply is a power switching transistor i.e. a bipolar transistor with high switching speed and high reverse voltage. This transistor therefore constitutes an important component of the control element of the control circuit. Furthermore, a high operating frequency and a transformer intended for a high operating frequency are provided, because generally, a thorough separation of the equipment to be supplied from the supply naturally is desired. Such switching power supplies may be constructed either for synchronized or externally controlled operation or for non-synchronized or free-running operation. A blocking converter is understood to be a switching power supply in which power is delivered to the equipment to be supplied only if the switching transistor establishing the connection between the primary coil of the transformer and the rectified a-c voltage is cut off. The power delivered by the line rectifier to the primary coil of the transformer while the switching transistor is open, is interim-stored in the transformer and then delivered to the consumer on the secondary side of the transformer with the switching transistor cut off.
In the blocking converter described in the aforementioned reference in the literature, "Funkschau" (1975), No. 5, Pages 40 to 44, the power switching transistor is connected in the manner defined in the introduction to this application. In addition, a so-called starting circuit is provided. Because several diodes are generally provided in the overall circuit of a blocking oscillator according to the definition provided in the introduction hereto, it is necessary, in order not to damage these diodes, that due to the collector peak current in the case of a short circuit, no excessive stress of these diodes and possibly existing further sensitive circuit parts can occur.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide another starting circuit. It is a further object of the invention to provide a possible circuit for the control circuit which is particularly well suited for this purpose. It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a power supply which is assured of operation over the entire range of line voltages from 90 to 270 V a-c, while the secondary voltages and secondary load variations between no-load and short circuit are largely constant.
With the foregoing and other objects in view, there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a blocking oscillator-type switching power supply for supplying power to electrical equipment wherein a primary winding of a transformer, in series with an emitter-collector path of a first bipolar transistor, is connected to a d-c voltage obtained by rectification of a line a-c voltage fed-in via two external supply terminals, a secondary winding of the transformer being connectible to the electrical equipment for supplying power thereto, the first bipolar transistor having a base controlled by the output of a control circuit acted upon, in turn, by the rectified a-c line voltage as actual value and by a set-point transmitter, and including a starting circuit for further control of the base of the first bipolar transistor, including a first diode in the starting circuit having an anode directly connected to one of the supply terminals supplied by the a-c line voltage and a cathode connected via a resistor to an input serving to supply power to the control circuit, the input being directly connected to a cathode of a second diode, the second diode having an anode connected to one terminal of another secondary winding of the transformer, the other secondary winding having another terminal connected to the emitter of the first bipolar transmitter.
In
accordance with another feature of the invention, there is provided a
second bipolar transistor having the same conduction type as that of the
first bipolar transistor and connected in the starting circuit with the
base thereof connected to a cathode of a semiconductor diode, the
semiconductor diode having an anode connected to the emitter of the
first bipolar transistor, the second bipolar transistor having a
collector connected via a resistor to a cathode of the first diode in
the starting circuit, and having an emitter connected to the input
serving to supply power to the control circuit and also connected to the
cathode of the second diode which is connected to the other secondary
winding of the transformer. In accordance with a further feature of the invention, the base of the second bipolar transistor is connected to a resistor and via the latter to one pole of a first capacitor, the anode of the first diode being connected to the other pole of the first capacitor.
In accordance with an additional feature of the invention, the other secondary winding is connected at one end to the emitter of the first bipolar transistor and to a pole of a third capacitor, the third capacitor having another pole connected, on the one hand, via a resistor, to the other end of the other secondary winding and, on the other hand, to a cathode of a third diode, the third diode having an anode connected via a potentiometer to an actual value input of the control circuit and, via a fourth capacitor, to the emitter of the first bipolar transistor.
In accordance with a concomitant feature of the invention, there is provided a sixth capacitor shunting the emitter-collector path of the first transistor.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claim.
Although
the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a
blocking oscillator type switching power supply, it is nevertheless not
intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications
and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the
spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of
the claims. - Line deflection output (S2000)
REX 21RM429 CHASSIS BS700.4 - VIDEO CHROMA PROCESSING WITH TDA3301 (MOTOROLA)
TDA3300 / 3301 TV COLOR PROCESSOR
TDA3300 3301 TV COLOR PROCESSOR
The Decoder IC The centre -piece of the decoder is the Motorola TDA3300B i.c. which carries out all the luminance and U V Inputs from PAL delay line 9V Frequency nlyv Z 2RV2 100k chroma signal processing required. Features of this 40 -pin chip include: (1) Automatic black -current control via feedback from the RGB output circuits. (2) Peak beam current limiting to prevent blooming on highlights - in addition to the normal beam current limit- ing action. (3) Separate R, G and B input pins for the injection of teletext/data signals (or on -screen display of the channel number with frequency synthesis tuning). These signals can be varied by means of the user brightness and con- trast controls. (4) Low dissipation - about 600mW. (5) By adding a small adaptor panel with a TDA3030A SECAM-to-PAL converter i.c. during production the receiver is given multistandard (PAL, SECAM and NTSC-4.43) capability.
A
block diagram of the TDA3300B i.c. is shown in Fig. 3. As with the
better known TDA3560 single -chip decoder, both the chroma and the burst
pass through the chroma delay line. The U output from this enters the
TDA3300B at pin 8, passing to the U detector and to the burst detector.
The latter is part of a phase -locked loop, the detector's output being
applied via an H/2 (half-line frequency) switch to the 4.43MHz voltage
-controlled crystal oscillator. The 4.43MHz reference oscillator's
output is applied for PAL switching, and to the U detector via a voltage
-controlled 90° phase shifter. This shifter is under the control of the
90° detec- tor which compares its output with the oscillator's output
coming via the PAL switch: when the phase shift is cor- rect, the output
from the 90° phase detector is zero. The combined effect of the two H/2
switches in the reference oscillator control loop - the two shown on
the right-hand side - cancels phase detector offsets. The outputs from
the U and V detectors include burst "flag" pulses which are used for
a.c.c., ident and colour -killing - there are two colour -killing
actions. RGB Output Stages The RGB output stages are of the class AB
type and incorporate extra circuitry for c.r.t. black -current sampl-
ing and beam limiting. Fig. 4 shows the red output stage. Under most
conditions transistor 2TR1 acts as a class A amplifier, driving the
tube's cathode via 2D5 and 2TR7. A high -value collector load resistor
(2R33) is used to reduce the dissipation in 2TR1. The stage gain is set
by the ratio of 2R40 and 2R36 to 2R25 and 2RV3, the latter setting the
drive level. For good transient response it's necessary for the
tube/base capacitance to be rapidly charged/discharged in accordance
with the signal swings. There is no problem when 2TR1 is being driven
from off to on, since the capacitance is discharged rapidly via 2D5 and
2TR1. When 2TR1 is driven from on to off however 2D5 will become reverse
biased. Under these conditions 2TR4 acts as an emitter -follower so
that the capacitance charges rapidly. Black -level stability is critical
for good results. As we've 2R46 5k6 2R51 120k 2TR7 BF493S 2C43l
Sampling circuit L -J 1k5 Field blanking J Red cathode _Tube input T"and
base 810capacitance nlrr Reference Line pedestal blanking Sample -and -
hold amplifier-ws switched on rt- Video Urn seen, the TDA3300B chip
incorporates circuitry for automatic black -current correction. Making
use of this reduces service calls and ensures constant performance
despite tube ageing or circuit misadjustment. Feedback is required, and
this is provided by the sampling circuit shown in the box with the
broken outline. Transistor 2TR7 acts as an emitter -follower between the
video output stage and the c.r.t.'s cathode. It's a low leakage type,
the components 2C40, 2D10 and 2C43 ensuring that the circuit has
negligible effect on the video signal. Since the beam current flows via
2R51, a voltage proportional to the beam current is produced across this
resistor. It's fed into the TDA3300B at pin 22. Black -current Control
For automatic black -current control the important thing is the small
beam current that flows when the tube is biased just above cut off. To
enable this current to be sampled, the TDA3300B replaces the video
signal with a fixed reference pedestal voltage for a couple of lines at
the end of each field blanking period (this pedestal can be seen as a
grey line at the top of the picture if the height control's setting is
reduced). The sample voltage at pin 22 of the i.c. is fed to one input
of a sample -and -hold amp- lifier which is switched on to sample the
input for one line only of the reference pedestal period. 2C33 acts as
the black -current control reservoir capacitor, holding the charge
acquired during the sampling time for the whole field period. This
charge is added to the video signal within the i.c., thus maintaining
the correct red gun black current. It's interesting to notice that when a
set is switched on from cold there's a momentary screen bright -up with
flyback lines as the beam current begins to flow. This is because it
takes several fields for 2C33 (and the corre- sponding capacitors in the
green and blue channels) to charge fully. Since the voltage
continuously available across 2R51 is proportional to beam current, it's
used within the i.c. for peak beam current limiting during the active
line periods. This is in addition to beam current limiting via the con-
trast control - and a crowbar trip that operates should the beam current
exceed 3mA.This device will accept a PAL or NTSC composite video signal and output the
three color signals, needing only a simple driver amplifier to interface to the pic-
ture tube. The provision of high bandwidth on-screen display inputs makes it
suitable for text display, TV games, cameras, etc. The TDA3301 B has user con»
trol laws, and also a phase shift control which operates in PAL, as well as NTSC.
0 Automatic Black Level Setup
0 Beam Current Limiting
0 Uses Inexpensive 4.43 MHZ to 3.58 MHz Crystal
0 No Oscillator Adjustment Required
0 Three OSD Inputs Plus Fast Blanking Input
0 Four DC, High Impedance User Controls
0 lnterlaces with TDA33030B SECAM Adaptor
0 Single 12 V Supply
0 Low Dissipation, Typically 600 mW
The brilliance control operates by adding a pedestal to the output
signals. The amplitude of the pedestal is controlled by Pin 30.
During CRT beam current sampling a standard pedestal is
substituted, its value being equivalent tothe value given by V30 Nom
Brightness at black level with V30 Nom is given by the sum of three guncurrents at the sampling level, i.e. 3x20 |.1A with 100 k reference
resistors on Pins 16, 19, and 22.
During picture blanking the brilliance pedestal is zero; therefore, the
output voltage during blanking is always the minimum brilliance black
level (Note: Signal channels are also gain blanked).
Chrominance Decoder
The chrominance decoder section of the TDA3301 B
consists of the following blocks:
Phase-locked reference oscillator;
Phase-locked 90 degree servo loop;
U and V axis decoders
ACC detector and identification detector; .
Identification circuits and PAL bistable; .
Color difference filters and matrixes with fast blanking
Circuits.
The major design considerations apart from optimum
performance were:
o A minimum number of factory adjustments,
o A minimum number of external components,
0 Compatibility with SECAM adapter TDA3030B,
0 Low dissipation,
0 Use of a standard 4.433618 Mhz crystal rather
than a 2.0 fc crystal with a divider.
The crystal VCO is of the phase shift variety in which thefrequency is controlled by varying the phase of the feedback.
A great deal of care was taken to ensure that the oscillator loop
gain and the crystal loading impedance were held constant in
order to ensure that the circuit functions well with low grade
crystal (crystals having high magnitude spurious responses
can cause bad phase jitter). lt is also necessary to ensure that
the gain at third harmonic is low enough to ensure absence of
oscillation at this frequency.
It can be seen that the
necessary 1 45°C phase shift is obtained by variable addition
ol two currents I1 and I2 which are then fed into the load
resistance of the crystal tuned circuit R1. Feedback is taken
from the crystal load capacitance which gives a voltage of VF
lagging the crystal current by 90°.
The RC network in the T1 collector causes I1 to lag the
collector current of T1 by 45°.
For SECAM operation, the currents I1 and I2 are added
together in a fixed ratio giving a frequency close to nominal.When decoding PAL there are two departures from normal
chroma reference regeneration practice:
a) The loop is locked to the burst entering from the PAL
delay line matrix U channel and hence there is no
alternating component. A small improvement in signal
noise ratio is gained but more important is that the loop
filter is not compromised by the 7.8 kHz component
normally required at this point for PAL identification
b) The H/2 switching of the oscillator phase is carried out
before the phase detector. This implies any error signal
from the phase detector is a signal at 7.8 kHz and not dc.
A commutator at the phase detector output also driven
from the PAL bistable coverts this ac signal to a dc prior
to the loop filter. The purpose ot this is that constant
offsets in the phase detector are converted by the
commutator to a signal at 7.8 kHz which is integrated to
zero and does not give a phase error.
When used for decoding NTSC the bistable is inhibited, and
slightly less accurate phasing is achieved; however, as a hue
control is used on NTSC this cannot be considered to be a
serious disadvantage.
90° Reference Generation
To generate the U axis reference a variable all-pass network
is utilized in a servo loop. The output of the all-pass netw
orkis compared with the oscillator output with a phase detector of
which the output is filtered and corrects the operating point of
the variable all»pass network .
As with the reference loop the oscillator signal is taken after
the H/2 phase switch and a commutator inserted before the
filter so that constant phase detector errors are cancelled.
For SECAM operation the loop filter is grounded causing
near zero phase shift so that the two synchronous detectors
work in phase and not in quadralure.
The use of a 4.4 MHz oscillator and a servo loop to generate
the required 90° reference signal allows the use of a standard,
high volume, low cost crystal and gives an extremely accurate90° which may be easily switched to 0° for decoding AM
SECAM generated by the TDA3030B adapter.
ACC and Identification Detectors
During burst gate time the output components of the U and
also the V demodulators are steered into PNP emitters. One
collector current of each PNP pair is mirrored and balanced
against its twin giving push-pull current sources for driving the
ACC and the identification filter capacitors.
The identification detector is given an internal offset by
making the NPN current mirror emitter resistors unequal. The
resistors are offset by 5% such that the identification detector
pulls up on its filter capacitor with zero signal.
Identification
See Figure 11 for definitions.
Monochrome I1 > I2
PAL ldent. OK I1 < lg
PAL ldent_ X l1 > I2
NTSC I3 > I2
Only for correctly identified PAL signal is the capacitor
voltage held low since I2 is then greater than I1.
For monochrome and incorrectly identified PAL signals l1>l2
hence voltage VC rises with each burst gate pulse.
When V,ef1 is exceeded by 0.7 V Latch 1 is made to conduct
which increases the rate of voltage rise on C. Maximum
current is limited by R1.
When Vref2 is exceeded by 0.7 V then Latch 2 is made to
conduct until C is completely discharged and the current drops
to a value insufficient to hold on Latch 2.
As Latch 2 turns on Latch 1 must turn off.
Latch 2 turning on gives extra trigger pulse to bistable to
correct identification.
The inhibit line on Latch 2 restricts its conduction to alternate
lines as controlled by the bistable. This function allows the
SECAM switching line to inhibit the bistable operation by firing
Latch 2 in the correct phase for SECAM. For NTSC, Latch 2
is fired by a current injected on Pin 6.
lf the voltage on C is greater than 1.4 V, then the saturation
is held down. Only for SECAM/NTSC with Latch 2 on, or
correctly identified PAL, can the saturation control be
anywhere but minimum.
NTSC Switch
NTSC operation is selected when current (I3) is injected into
Pin 6. On the TDA33O1 B this current must be derived
externally by connecting Pin 6 to +12 V via a 27 k resistor (as
on TDA33OOB). For normal PAL operation Pin 40 should be
connected to +12 V and Pin 6 to the filter capacitor.
4 Color Difference Matrixing, Color Killing,
and Chroma BlankingDuring picture time the two demodulators feed simple RC
filters with emitter follower outputs. Color killing and blanking
is performed by lifting these outputs to a voltage above the
maximum value that the color difference signal could supply.
The color difference matrixing is performed by two
differential amplifiers, each with one side split to give the
correct values of the -(B-Y) and -(Ft-Y) signals. These are
added to give the (G-Y) signal.
The three color difference signals are then taken to the
virtual grounds of the video output stages together with
luminance signal.
Sandcastle Selection
The TDA3301B may be used with a two level sandcastle
and a separate frame pulse to Pin 28, or with only a three level
(super) sandcastle. In the latter case, a resistor of 1.0 MQ is
necessary from + 12 V to Pin 28 and a 70 pF capacitor from
Pin 28 to ground.
Timing Counter for Sample Control
In order to control beam current sampling at the beginning
of each frame scan, two edge triggered flip-flops are used.
The output K ofthe first flip-flop A is used to clock the second
tlip-flop B. Clocking of A by the burst gate is inhibited by a count
of A.B.
The count sequence can only be initiated by the trailing
edge of the frame pulse. ln order to provide control signals for:
Luma/Chroma blanking
Beam current sampling
On-screen display blanking
Brilliance controlThe appropriate flip-flop outputs ar matrixed with sandcastle
and frame signals by an emitter-follower matrix.
Video Output Sections
Each video output stage consists of a feedback amplifier in A further drive current is used to control the DC operating
which the input signal is a current drive to the virtual earth from point; this is derived from the sample and hold stage which
the luminance, color difference and on-screen display stages. samples the beam current after frame flyback.
PHILIPS TDA3653B TDA3653C Vertical deflection and guard circuit (90°):
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TDA3653B/C is a vertical deflection output circuit for drive of various deflection systems with currents up to
1.5 A peak-to-peak.
Features
· Driver
· Output stage
· Thermal protection and output stage protection
· Flyback generator
· Voltage stabilizer
· Guard circuit
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
Note to the quick reference data
1. The maximum supply voltage should be chosen such that during flyback the voltage at pin 5 does not exceed 60 V.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Output stage and protection circuit
Pin 5 is the output pin. The supply for the output stage is fed to pin 6 and the output stage ground is connected to pin 4.
The output transistors of the class-B output stage can each deliver 0.75 A maximum.
The maximum voltage for pin 5 and 6 is 60 V.
The output power transistors are protected such that their operation remains within the SOAR area. This is achieved by
the co-operation of the thermal protection circuit, the current-voltage detector, the short-circuit protection and the special
measures in the internal circuit layout.
Driver and switching circuit
Pin 1 is the input for the driver of the output stage. The signal at pin 1 is also applied via external resistors to pin 3 which
is the input of a switching circuit. When the flyback starts, this switching circuit rapidly turns off the lower output stage
and so limits the turn-off dissipation. It also allows a quick start of the flyback generator.
External connection of pin 1 to pin 3 allows for applications in which the pins are driven separately.
Flyback generator
During scan the capacitor connected between pins 6 and 8 is charged to a level which is dependent on the value of the
resistor at pin 8 (see Fig.1).
When the flyback starts and the voltage at the output pin (pin 5) exceeds the supply voltage, the flyback generator is
activated.
The supply voltage is then connected in series, via pin 8, with the voltage across the capacitor during the flyback period.
This implies that during scan the supply voltage can be reduced to the required scan voltage plus saturation voltage of
the output transistors.
The amplitude of the flyback voltage can be chosen by changing the value of the external resistor at pin 8.
It should be noted that the application is chosen such that the lowest voltage at pin 8 is > 2.5 V, during normal operation.
Guard circuit
When there is no deflection current and the flyback generator is not activated, the voltage at pin 8 reduces to less than
1.8 V. The guard circuit will then produce a DC voltage at pin 7, which can be used to blank the picture tube and thus
prevent screen damage.
Voltage stabilizer
The internal voltage stabilizer provides a stabilized supply of 6 V to drive the output stage, which prevents the drive
current of the output stage being affected by supply voltage variations.
PACKAGE OUTLINES
TDA3653B: 9-lead SIL; plastic (SOT110B); SOT110-1; 1996 November 25.
TDA3653C: 9-lead SIL; plastic power (SOT131); SOT131-2 November 25.
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT
Supply (note 1)
Supply voltage range
pin 9 VP = V9-4 10 - 40 V
pin 6 V6-4 - - 60 V
Output (pin 5)
Peak output voltage during flyback V5-4M - - 60 V
Output current I5(p-p) - 1.2 1.5 A
Operating junction temperature range Tj -25 - +150 °C
Thermal resistance junction to mounting base
(SOT110B) Rth j-mb - 10 - K/W
(SOT131) Rth j-mb - 3.5 - K/W.
--------------------------------------------------
GENERAL BASIC TRANSISTOR LINE OUTPUT STAGE OPERATION:
The basic essentials of a transistor line output stage are shown in Fig. 1(a). They comprise: a line output transformer which provides the d.c. feed to the line output transistor and serves mainly to generate the high -voltage pulse from which the e.h.t. is derived, and also in practice other supplies for various sections of the receiver; the line output transistor and its parallel efficiency diode which form a bidirectional switch; a tuning capacitor which resonates with the line output transformer primary winding and the scan coils to determine the flyback time; and the scan coils, with a series capacitor which provides a d.c. block and also serves to provide slight integration of the deflection current to compensate for the scan distortion that would otherwise be present due to the use of flat screen, wide deflection angle c.r.t.s. This basic circuit is widely used in small -screen portable receivers with little elaboration - some use a pnp output transistor however, with its collector connected to chassis.
Circuit Variations:
Variations to the basic circuit commonly found include: transposition of the scan coils and the correction capacitor; connection of the line output transformer primary winding and its e.h.t. overwinding in series; connection of the deflection components to a tap on the transformer to obtain correct matching of the components and conditions in the stage; use of a boost diode which operates in identical manner to the arrangement used in valve line output stages, thereby increasing the effective supply to the stage; omission of the efficiency diode where the stage is operated from an h.t. line, the collector -base junction of the line output transistor then providing the efficiency diode action without, in doing so, producing scan distortion; addition of inductors to provide linearity and width adjustment; use of a pair of series -connected line output transistors in some large -screen colour chassis; and in colour sets the addition of line convergence circuitry which is normally connected in series between the line scan coils and chassis. These variations on the basic circuit do not alter the basic mode of operation however.
Resonance
The most important fact to appreciate about the circuit is that when the transistor and diode are cut off during the flyback period - when the beam is being rapidly returned from the right-hand side of the screen to the left-hand side the tuning capacitor together with the scan coils and the primary winding of the line output transformer form a parallel resonant circuit: the equivalent circuit is shown in Fig. 1(b). The line output transformer primary winding and the tuning capacitor as drawn in Fig. 1(a) may look like a series tuned circuit, but from the signal point of view the end of the transformer primary winding connected to the power supply is earthy, giving the equivalent arrangement shown in Fig. 1(b).
The Flyback Period:
Since the operation of the circuit depends mainly upon what happens during the line flyback period, the simplest point at which to break into the scanning cycle is at the end of the forward scan, i.e. with the
beam deflected to the right-hand side of the screen, see Fig. 2. At
this point the line output transistor is suddenly switched off by the
squarewave drive applied to its base. Prior to this action a linearly
increasing current has been flowing in the line output transformer
primary winding and the scan coils, and as a result magnetic fields have
been built up around these components. When the transistor is switched
off these fields collapse, maintaining a flow of current which rapidly
decays to zero and returns the beam to the centre of the screen. This
flow of current charges the tuning capacitor, and the voltage at A rises
to a high positive value - of the order of 1- 2k V in large -screen
sets, 200V in the case of mains/battery portable sets. The e
nergy
in the circuit is now stored in the tuning capacitor which next
discharges, reversing the flow of current in the circuit with the result
that the beam is rapidly deflected to the left-hand side of the screen -
see Fig. 3. When the tuning capacitor has discharged, the voltage at A
has fallen to zero and the circuit energy is once more stored in the
form of magnetic fields around the inductive components. One half -cycle
of oscillation has occurred, and the flyback is complete.Energy Recovery:
First Part of Forward Scan The circuit then tries to continue the cycle of oscillation, i.e. the magnetic fields again collapse, maintaining a current flow which this time would charge the tuning capacitor negatively (upper plate). When the voltage at A reaches about -0.6V however the efficiency diode becomes forward biased and switches on. This damps the circuit, preventing further oscillation, but the magnetic fields continue to collapse and in doing so produce a linearly decaying current flow which provides the first part of the forward s
can,
the beam returning towards the centre of the screen - see Fig. 4. The
diode shorts out the tuning capacitor but the scan correction capacitor
charges during this period, its right-hand plate becoming positive with
respect to its left-hand plate, i.e. point A. Completion of Forward Scan
When the current falls to zero, the diode will switch off. Shortly
before this state of affairs is reached however the transistor is
switched on. In practice this is usually about a third of the way
through the scan. The squarewave applied to its base drives it rapidly
to saturation, clamping the vol
tage
at point A at a small positive value - the collector emitter saturation
voltage of the transistor. Current now flows via the transistor and the
primary winding of the line output transformer, the scan correction
capacitor discharges, and the resultant flow of current in the line scan
coils drives the beam to the right-hand side of the screen see Fig. 5.Efficiency:
The transistor is then cut off again, to give the flyback, and the cycle of events recurs. The efficiency of the circuit is high since there is negligible resistance present. Energy is fed into the circuit in the form of the magnetic fields that build up when the output transistor is switched on. This action connects the line output transformer primary winding across the supply, and as a result a linearly increasing current flows through it. Since the width is
dependent on the supply voltage, this must be stabilised.
Harmonic Tuning:
There is another oscillatory action in the circuit during the flyback period. The considerable leakage inductance between the primary and the e.h.t. windings of the line output transformer, and the appreciable self -capacitance present, form a tuned circuit which is shocked into oscillation by the flyback pulse. Unless this oscillation is controlled, it will continue into and modulate the scan. The technique used to overcome this effect is to tune the leakage inductance and the associated capacitance to an odd harmonic of the line flyback oscillation frequency. By doing this the oscillatory actions present at the beginning of the scan cancel. Either third or fifth harmonic tuning is used. Third harmonic tuning also has the effect of increasing the amplitude of the e.h.t. pulse, and is generally used where a half -wave e.h.t. rectifier is employed. Fifth harmonic tuning results in a flat-topped e.h.t. pulse, giving improved e.h.t. regulation, and is generally used where an e.h.t. tripler is employed to produce the e.h.t. The tuning is mainly built into the line output transformer, though an external variable inductance is commonly found in colour chassis so that the tuning can be adjusted. With a following post I will go into the subject of modern TV line timebases in greater detail with other models and technology shown here at Obsolete Technology Tellye !
ITT TVPO2066 TV Controller with On-Screen Display for TV Receivers.
In comparison to the older TVPO 2065 hardware, the
port 3 of the TVPO 2066 consists of 6 x 12 V/2 mA open–
drain outputs instead of 5 V/25 mA open–drain outputs.
“TVPO 2066” is the name of the unprogrammed hard-
ware. The programmed versions will be called:
– TVPO 2066–Axx
for analog TV–sets
– TVPO 2066–Dxx
for digital TV–sets
with the version–no. xx. Application diagrams and de-
scriptions of different software versions are available in
additional data sheets.
The TVPO 2066 is an intelligent microcomputer in N–
channel MOS technology. On one silicon chip, it con-
tains all operating and tuning functions of a modern TV
receiver. Thus, along with the non–volatile memory
(MDA 2062, NVM 3060), the SAA 1250, IRT 1250 or IRT
1260 remote–control transmitter and the TBA 2800 pre-
amplifier this offers a very economic solution for TV re-
ceivers with on–screen display and voltage synthesizer.
The device is available in 44–pin PLCC package and
40–pin DIL package. The PLCC version has 4 pins more
for digital combined inputs/outputs.
2. The Functional Blocks of the TVPO 2066
The hardware components of the TVPO 2066 are:
– 8048–core, fully compatible to 8048 instruction set
– 10K ROM, 256 byte RAM
– four 64 steps analog output to control vol., color etc.
– single 4032 steps analog output for controlling of a
VS–tuner
– IR decoder for ITT–IR (remote control with IRT
1250/60)
– mains flip–flop for standby mode
– IM–bus interface for non–volatile memory and devices
of DIGIT 2000 system for digital video–processing.
– fast counter input (T1) for automatic search (for analog
TV–sets)
– 12 digital combined inputs/outputs (8 or 10 for DIL–
package)
– 8 digital outputs
– integrated 12–digit on–screen display
2.1. The 8049 Microcomputer
For the description of the commands and characteristics
of the 8049, please refer to the CCU 2030, CCU 2050,
CCU 2070 data sheet.
The 8049 provides separate address space for program,
data, in/out, and external data. The ROM is organized in
banks of 2 K Bytes. Bank 0 occupies the addresses 0 to
2047. The other banks (10, 11, 12, 13) share the ad-
dresses 2048 to 4095. The different banks are selected
through the bank select register 15 as described for the
CCU 2070 in the CCU 2030, 2050, 2070 data sheet.
Banks 14 through 17 of the CCU 2070 are not available
in the TVPO.
The data and control registers of the TVPO’s peripheral
units are located in the address space of external data.
They are accessed by the “Move External” instruction
(MOVX). Electrically, the connection is provided by the
lines DB0 to DB7, RD, WR, and ALE. These connections
of the 8049 microcomputer are not available during nor-
mal operation. In “Test Mode” (EA = 5 V or EA = 12 V),
some pins are switched so that the TVPO’s peripherals
can be accessed from the outside via DB0 to DB7.
In normal operation, only P2 of the 8049’s original ports
remains unchanged. During test operation, RD, WR,
ALE and PSEN are connected to P24 to P27 (compare
CCU 2030, CCU 2050, CCU 2070 data sheet).
2.2. The Remote–Control Decoder
In the already mentioned standby mode, and also during
normal operation, the remote–control decoder expects
infrared–transmitted signals that were transmitted by
the SAA 1250, IRT 1250 or IRT 1260 remote–control
transmitter IC, received by an infrared photo diode, and
amplified by the TBA 2800 infrared preamplifier IC. The
decoder frees the remote–control signal from interfer-
ence and decodes each command word that is recog-
nized as correct. A valid command word is made avail-
able to the microcomputer by way of two registers. No
interrupt is initiated. Rather, it is the task of the program
to continuously check the infrared registers.
A command word transmitted via infrared consists of 10
bits – four address bits and six data bits. These two parts
of the command word are provided in two different regis-
ters. Bit 7 in the address register is low when a valid com-
mand word is detected. When the data word is read,
both infrared registers are cleared.
It is possible to mask–program which infrared com-
mands also carry the power–on information and switch
the TVPO from standby to full operation. For this pur-
pose, up to five groups of commands within a binary de-
coder matrix are programmable for one infrared address
(compare CCU 2030, CCU 2050, CCU 2070 data
sheet).
2.3. The Mains Flip–Flop and Reset Circuit
Mains flip–flop and reset circuit operate from the stand-
by supply. After switching on the standby supply it takes
100 ms at most until the TVPO is in full standby opera-
tion. The Mains output is controlled by the mains flip–
flop. In the
“Mains off” position the output is high.
The mains flip–flop is set by means of the infrared
“Mains on” commands or by an active low level applied
to the Mains output for at least 20 µs. A reset for the
mains flip–flop is generated whenever:
1. The standby supply voltage is less than approx. 3.5 V
(e.g. during power–on)
2. The microcomputer executes a “Mains off” command.
The microcomputer clears the mains flip–flop by writing
a 1 into bit 3 of the external register 13. In order to proper-
ly charge the stray capacitances at the Mains output, the
mains flip–flop remains blocked in the “Mains off” posi-
tion for 16 ms after any reset. After this time has elapsed,
the TV set may be turned on again.
With no Reset option set (compare CCU 2030, CCU
2050, CCU 2070 data sheet), the mains flip–flop is also
reset by any Reset signal going low. The TVPO–internal
Reset’, which is different from the externally–applied
Reset is high only when both Mains is in the low state
and Reset is at high level. Two options are mask–pro-
grammable in this respect:
Reset 1: The Reset signal, going low, does not reset the
mains flip–flop. If the customer does not specify, this op-
tion will be set as default.
Reset 2: The TVPO–internal Reset’ is identical to the
Reset signal and independent of the state of the mains
flip–flop.
Resetting the mains flip–flop clears the remote–control
decoder. The other parts of the TVPO are cleared by the
TVPO–internal Reset’ signal via the Reset input. Delay-
ing the Reset signal with respect to the VDD supply volt-
age is done by an external RC network at the Reset in-
put.
The input voltage of the regulator for the 5 V VDD supply
voltage should be monitored to prevent the system’s cir-
cuits from resetting improperly and the NVM 3060 EE-
PROM from programming false data.
With no Reset option set, any spike or excessive noise
present on the Reset line may cause the mains flip–flop
to be reset. In such cases, a ceramic filter capacitor
should be provided near the Reset pin.
2.4. The IM–Bus and Non–Volatile–Memory
It is by means of this part of the circuit that the TVPO
2066 communicates with the non–volatile memory
(MDA 2062 or NVM 3060) which stores the tuning and
analog data, acquired during the Memo procedure and
the options. The IM–Bus consists of three lines Clock,
Ident and Data. Clock and Ident are unidirectional sig-
nals from the TVPO 2066 to the memory (and to the
VSP–processor in case of a digital TV set), and Data is
bidirectional for transferring the data in both directions.
In addition, the MDA 2062 (not the NVM 3060) requires
a memory clock signal which is issued from the TVPO
2066 (approx. 1 kHz). All these signals on the IM–Bus
have TTL level. In the nonoperative state all three bus
lines are high. The start of a telegram is initiated when
Ident and Data are low. Data takeover occurs at the posi-
tive edge of Clock. For a detailed description of the IM–
Bus protocol please refer to the data sheet of the MDA
2062 or NVM 3060.
2.5. The Clock Generator and the Sequence Control
For the purpose of generating the clock signals required
to operate the TVPO 2066 the chip contains an oscillator
which is designed for crystals in the frequency range
from 3.5 to 4.5 MHz. For the exact requirement of “off–
timer” and “sleep–timer” functions, a 4 MHz crystal is
needed. The crystal is connected to the ‘Xtal’ input. All
timing specification in this data sheet relate to a crystal
frequency of 4 MHz. With other crystal frequencies,
there will be corresponding variations.
2.6. The D/A Converters for the Analog Outputs
The TVPO 2066 provides four analog outputs for adjust-
ment of the TV’s basic settings (e.g. volume and for ana-
log TV sets additional brightness, contrast and color sat-
uration). These control voltages are made available as
pulse/pause modulated signals, where the ratio can be
varied in 64 steps. The needed DC level signal is ob-
tained by means of a simple RC lowpass filter.
2.7. The Tuning Voltage Generator
The tuning voltage for the capacitance diodes of the TV
tuner is generated as a pulse/interval modulated signal
by a modified rate multiplier. The range of variation of the
pulse/interval ratio extends from 0 (no pulses) to infinity
(continuous signal) with a resolution of 4032 steps. At a
clock frequency of 4 MHz the basic period of the rate
multiplier is 0.5 ms which results in tolerable filter expen-
diture.
2.8. The Ports
The TVPO 2066 has two ports (Port 2 and Port 3) which
are used by the software versions as control outputs/in-
puts for a keyboard, band selection, multi–standard indi-
cators, multi–video indicators and AFC switch.
The PLCC version of the TVPO 2066 has in addition four
pins of Port 1 (P14...P17). The DIL version of the TVPO
2066 is also available in other pinnings: the D/A conver-
ter DA3 and DA4 can be exchanged to port input/out-
puts. DA3 to Port 1, Bit 5 (P15) and DA4 to Port 1, Bit 6
(P16). This possibility is very useful in digital TV sets, be-
cause in this case only one D/A converter is needed for
volume control.
2.9. The On–Screen Display
2.9.1. Outputs and Inputs for the OSD
The OSD is an additional hardware module on the
TVPO 2066 chip, which allows the display of 12 different
characters such as the program number and analog val-
ues (volume, brightness etc.) on a TV screen. The TVPO
2066 software controls the OSD through a set of 16 ex-
ternal write registers.
The TVPO 2066 delivers four additional output signals:
– R_out
character signal red
(1 Vpp)
– G_out
character signal green
(1 Vpp)
– B_out
character signal blue
(1 Vpp)
– FB_out
fast blanking
(TTL level)
Fast blanking is used for switching between video and
OSD signals and shows the validity of the R, G, B out-
puts.
For synchronization and to place the display, the
TVPO 2066 needs two additional input signals:
– H_in
horizontal synchronization
(TTL level)
– V_in
vertical synchronization
(TTL level)
2.9.2. Display Format
The OSD generates a rectangular display block, which
contains 2 rows of 6 characters each (see Fig. 2–1). The
characters are addressed depending on their position
within this display block. Each address is attached to
one TVPO 2066 register. The content of each register
describes the character type and its color.
Pin Descriptions for 44–Pin PLCC
Pin 1 – Vsup
This pin must be connected to the positive of the 5 V sup-
ply.
Pin 2 – Ground
This pin must be connected to the negative of the
supply.Pin 3 – Vstb: Standby Supply pin +5 V
Via this pin, clock oscillator, reset circuit and remote–
control decoder are powered. By means of this, it is pos-
sible to switch on the TV receiver by remote control. The
standby consumption is very small.
Pins 4 to 7, 8 to 21 – Port P2, Bits 0 to 7
The internal configuration of these in/outputs is shown
in Fig. 4–3. Direct data transfer with the µC can be ex-
ecuted via this port. The push–pull outputs drive one
TTL gate.
Pins 8 to 11 – Port P1, Bits 4 to 7
The internal configuration of these in/outputs is shown
in Fig. 4–4. Direct data transfer with the µC can be ex-
ecuted via this port. The outputs are open–drain with a
12 V rating. Four outputs are available in the 44–pin
PLCC package. In the 40–pin DIL package up to two
P1–outputs (instead of analog outputs) are available by
changing the bonding.
Pins 12 and 13 – Vertical and Horizontal synchronization
Inputs
These inputs are shown in Fig. 4–5. They are used to
synchronize the on–screen display. Negative pulses are
needed. The internal delayed–clock–generator for the
OSD section synchronizes to the positive edge of the
Hin signal.
Pin 14 – Fast Blank Output
This output, which is shown in Fig. 4–6, is used to stop
the normal display, and thus characters can be dis-
played on the screen.
Pins 15 to 17 – Video Outputs Red, Green and Blue
(RGB)
These outputs are shown in Fig. 4–7 and used for on–
screen display outputs. Therefore, there are different
colors to represent the output.
Pins 22 to 29 – Port P3, Bits 0 to 7
The diagram of these open–drain outputs is shown in
Fig. 4–8. The voltage handling capability of Port–bits 0
and 1 (pins 28 and 29) is limited to Vsup, but supplies a
high output current. The Port–bits 2 to 7 (pins 22 to 27)
are outputs with a 12 V rating and a lower output current.
In standby, bit 7 of P3 is grounded.
Pin 30 – Tuning Voltage Output
Fig. 4–9 shows the diagram of this push–pull output. Pin
30 supplies the tuning voltage for the capacitance
diodes of the TV tuner in the shape of a pulsewidth–mo-
dulated signal. After amplification by an external transis-
tor, the tuner DC voltage is derived by multiple RC filter-
ing. A temperature–compensated Zener diode ZTK 33
must be provided for stabilizing the tuning voltage
against variations of supply voltage and ambient tem-
perature.
Pin 31 – IR: Remote–Control Input
The internal configuration of this pin is shown in
Fig. 4–10. Via an external coupling capacitor of 10 nF,
the remote–control signal, amplified by the TBA 2800
preamplifier IC, is fed to the remote–control decoder.
The input is self–biasing to approximately 1.4 V, and the
input DC resistance is approximately 150 kOhm. For
highest input sensitivity, this pin must not be loaded re-
sistively. A small capacitor connected from pin 31 to
ground can be useful to suppress steep transients.
Pins 32 to 35 – Analog Outputs
These pins are open–drain outputs with diagram shown
in Fig. 4–11. They supply the squarewave signals whose
variable pulse/interval ratio is described in section 2.5.
These signals serve for actuating the analog control ele-
ments. External pull–up resistors are required to pro-
duce the squarewave output signals.
Pins 36 to 38 – IM Bus Connections
The internal configuration of these pins are shown in
Figs. 4–12 and 4–13. Via these pins, the ITT TVPO 2066 is
connected to the IM bus (see section 2.3.). This bus in-
terlinks the TVPO 2066 and the non–volatile memory.
The ident and clock outputs are unidirectional (see
Fig. 4–12). The data pin acts as input and output for
reading and writing data (Fig. 4–13).
Pin 40 – Mains: Mains Switch Input/Output
The internal configuration of this input/output is shown
in Fig. 4–13. Pin 40 represents the output of the mains
flip–flop with a resistive pull–up. The output is active low
(mains on). In the case of infrared remote control, this
pin acts as output and drives an external switching am-
plifier, the mains relay, In the case of direct operation,
this pin is used as input for switching on the TV receiver
by means of an active low level applied to this pin, which
sets the main flip–flop.
Pin 41 – Reset: Reset Input
The internal configuration of this input is shown in
Fig. 4–14. The function of this pin is explained in section
2.4. The input circuit is of a Schmitt trigger configuration
and provides some noise immunity. In critical applica-
tions, however, an additional ceramic capacitor, con-
nected between this pin and GND, may be necessary to
increase noise immunity.
Pin 42 – Osc Out: fosc/4096 Output
The internal configuration of this output is shown in
Fig. 4–15. This push–pull output provides the memory
clock signal for the non–volatile memory MDA 2062
EEPROM (1 kHz). The drive capability of this pin is one
TTL gate. This pin is not needed for the non–volatile
memory NVM 3060.
Pin 43 – T1: T1 Input
This input can be used as timer input or normal input
(e.g. to count the pulses of the horizontal frequency for
autosearch function in analog TV sets). For more details
about this input, see the CCU 2030, CCU 2050,
CCU2070 data sheet.
Pin 44 – Xtal: Oscillator Crystal
The internal configuration of this input/output is shown
in Fig. 4–16. For normal use, a 4 MHz crystal is con-
nected to this oscillator pin and to GND. The input is self–
biasing to approximately 3.8 V, input DC resistance is
approx. 350 kOhm. The output signal is the 4 MHz clock
signal of the TVPO 2066.
Programmed Versions of TVPO 2066
Some programmed versions of the TVPO 2066 are
available (all versions use the non–volatile–memory
NVM 3060):
– TVPO 2066–A25
for analog TV–sets. With auto–searching of stations,
4 multi–standards, up to 99 stations, sleep–timer,
Teletext with TPU 2735 with FLOF & exended charac-
ters (Spanish, Polish, Hungarian and Turkish).
– TVPO 2066–D03
for digital TV–sets. Along with the VSP 2860 and the
VCU 2133 it offers a very economical solution of digital
TV–sets (simple TV). Some features are 4 standards:
PAL, NTSC, SECAM East/West, up to 99 stations, 3
video modes, auto–searching analog output for ana-
log audio (volume) control and more.
Separate data sheets are available for analog and digital
versions. Application diagrams will be found there. The
last page shows an application diagram for analog TV–
sets.
5.5. User Options
If the manufacturer writes his own software for the TVPO
2066, he can choose some options by program mask or
diffusion mask.
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