SANYO CTP3203 YEAR 1974.

 

SANYO CTP3203  is a 16 inches (37cm) portable (heavy) color television with 7 programs preselections for VHF and UHF channels.

 The mechanical turret approach to television tuning has been used almost exclusively for the past over  60 years. Even though replete with the inherent disadvantages of mechanical complexity, unreliability and cost, such apparatus has been technically capable of performing its intended function and as a result the consumer has had to bear the burdens associated with the device. However, with the " recent " Broadcast demands for parity of tuning for UHF and VHF channels, the increasing number of UHF and cable TV stations have imposed new tuning performance requirements which severely tax the capability of the mechanical turret tuner. Consequently, attempts are now being made to provide all electronic tuning to meet the new requirements.

The invention relates to a tuning unit with bandswitch for high frequency receivers, especially radio and television receivers, having a potentiometer system for the control of capacity diodes, the said potentiometer system consisting of a plurality of parallel resistance paths along which wiper contacts can be driven by means of screw spindles disposed adjacent one another in a common insulating material housing in which a bandswitch formed of metal rods is associated with each tuning spindle.

In these tuning units, the working voltages of the capacity diodes in the tuning circuits are recorded once a precise tuning to the desired frequency has been performed. A potentiometer tuning system has great advantages over the formerly used channel selectors operating with mechanically adjustable capacitors (tuning condensers) or mechanically adjustable inductances (variometers), mainly because it is not required to have such great precision in its tuning mechanism.

Tuning units with bandswitches formed of variable resistances and combined with interlocking pushbuttons controlling the supply of recorded working voltages to capacity diodes are known. Channel selection is accomplished by depressing the knobs, and the tuning or fine tuning are performed by turning the knobs. The resistances serving as voltage dividers in these tuning units are combined into a component unit such that they are in the form of a ladderlike pattern on a common insulating plate forming the cover of the housing in which the tuning spindles and wiper contacts corresponding to the variable resistances are housed. The number of resistances corresponds to the number of channels or frequencies which are to be recorded. The wiper contact picks up a voltage which, when applied to the capacity diodes determines their capacitance and hence the frequency of the corresponding oscillating circuit. The adjustment of the wipers is performed by turning the tuning spindle coupled to the tuning knob. By the depression of a button the electrical connection between a contact rod and a tuning spindle is brought about and thus the selected voltage is applied to the capacity diodes. Since the push buttons release one another, it is possible simply by depressing another button to tune to a different receiving frequency or a different channel, as the case may be.

 Moreover, using this arrangement, the only indication--during adjustment--of which channel is selected is by station identification.

 

• Telescopic antenna is present above cabinet.
• All manual commands are front placed.
• Upper side Vertical frequency and Horizontal frequency adjustment knobs are present. 

• Backside: chrominance oscillator switch to reduce the visibility on television screens in black and white transmissions of interference patterns  under certain conditions (particularly noisy signal reception or transmiitter differences). However, in many practical applications, because of component tolerances, the operating threshold of the frequency detector may be expected to differ from an optimum design value. As well known, a composite color television signal comprises a luminance signal and a chrominance signal suppression modulated on a subcarrier in a line scanning period, apart from a horizontal and vertical synchronizing signals in a blanking period and a burst signal at the back porch of the horizontal synchronizing signal. In a typical color television receiver, a luminance signal, horizontal and vertical synchronizing signals, and a chrominance signal plus a burst signal are separated for the purpose of signal processing. For the purpose of processing a chrominance signal, a composite chrominance signal including a chrominance signal suppression modulated on a subcarrier and a burst signal is provided. On the other hand, a burst gate pulse is also provided to sample a burst signal in the composite chrominance signal. A subcarrier is locally generated responsive to the sampled burst signal and the original color signals are demodulated responsive to the chrominance signal and as a function of the locally generated subcarrier. In a color television receiver, after amplification and detection of the composite color signal, the luminance and chrominance components are separated and applied to luminance and chrominance channels, respectively, of the receiver for further signal processing. The synchronizing bursts of the color subcarrier are also applied to the chrominance section of the receiver.
  This configuration renders the color television receiver capable of reproducing either monomchrome or color signal broadcasts. For a color broadcast, the luminance and chrominance signals are processed through their respective channels and recombined at the picture tube to produce the color image. For a monochrome broadcast, the monochrome signal is processed in normal fashion through the luminance channel of the receiver and is applied to the picture tube to recreate the black and white image. However, in the absence of a color signal, it is necessary to disable the chrominance channel to avoid spurious color in the picture. This function is accomplished using color killer circuitry which is operative in response to an absence of color signals to cut off one of the stages of the chrominance channel.

• Also backside a couple of setpoints regulations  for white  balance. In a color CRT display system, when monochrome image data is reproduced, the same color temperature must be ensured despite the various brightnesses of the screen. To obtain such an image, the white balance is adjusted, i.e., the drive voltage of the video signal amplifier inside the color CRT display system is adjusted.To adjust a white balance, the light energies emitted from the three red, green, and blue color phosphors must be adjusted to a predetermined ratio. The light efficiencies of the light emitted from the currently used three color phosphors differ slightly, but the ratio of currents of the red, green, and blue electron beams for obtaining a white color is substantially the same. Therefore, it is sufficient to slightly adjust the ratio of the currents. There is some variation, however, with individual color CRT systems, so a manually regulated circuit is provided for the adjustment of the white balance.
  Usually, the white balance is adjusted by two types of adjustment: adjustment of the background to adjust the black levels of the individual color signals and adjustment of the drive voltage to adjust the white peak level of the video signal so that the pedestal level of the video signals (level close to substantially black) gives a completely black display.

• A service switch to obtain a feature of managing adjustments without removing the back.It is conventional practice in the television industry to adjust the G2 voltage of a receiver's CRT (cathode ray tube) so that the electron gun with the highest cut-off point is barely emissive.Television receivers normally employ a multi-gun color cathode ray tube with each one of the electron guns providing an electron beam. The cathode ray tube also utilizes a screen or surface having a plurality of phosphor areas which are impinged by the electron beams in a manner well known in the art. Moreover, the electron guns, the electron beams, and the phosphor areas all vary with respect to one another in each manufactured cathode ray tube. Such variations necessitate what is usually referred to as "setting-up" or adjusting the color cathode ray tube to achieve optimum operation.  To manually adjust the color temperature in a television receiver or a video display apparatus, various circuits in the television receiver are disabled including the vertical deflection circuit.

• Front command for  AFC ON/OFF switch.If there are any stations transmitting at frequencies in the space between the frequency at which the receiver was originally set and the frequency at which the AFC/AFT lets go, the output will not be detected by the receiver because of this effect on the AFC/AFT signal. For this reason, especially in FM receiver sets, there is provided an AFC ON/OFF switch whereby the AFC can be manually disabled during tuning. However, the purpose of this switch is usually not understood by the user of the set, so that the AFC/AFT is very seldom manually disabled when the set is being tuned. Even if it were understood, as it is left to the user to manually disable the AFC/AFT, it is quite conceivable that the switch will never be used. If it is used, it is possible that the user will forget to enable the AFC/AFT once he has completed tuning, so that the receiver will be operating without benefit of the AFC/AFT circuit.      It is known to use Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) and Automatic Fine Tuning (AFT) circuits for maintaining the tuning of frequency of receivers such as FM receivers and television receivers lined to the frequency of a selected radio or television station. Although AFC/AFT is useful for maintaining the alignment of frequencies when the receiver has been tuned, the signals provided by the AFC/AFT could provide problems when attempting to tune to a different station or channel. Specifically, if the AFC/AFT signal is strong enough, then the AFC will "pull" the receiver to the frequency at which it was last set even though the tuning dial is being turned. The AFC/AFT will only "let go" after the distance between the originally set frequency and the tuning dial is sufficiently large to overcome the effect of the AFC/AFT signal. 

• Features a Toshiba CRT tube triple electron gun members each having a cathode electrode, plane grid electrode and cylindrical electrodes coaxially arranged in succession are placed side by side in the same plane with a prescribed convergence angle defined therebetween.

 SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. (San'yō Denki Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 6764, Pink Sheets: SANYY) is a major electronics company and member of the Fortune 500 whose headquarters is located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan. Sanyo targets the middle of the market and has over 230 Subsidiaries and Affiliates.



On December 21, 2009, Panasonic completed a 400 billion yen ($4.5 billion) acquisition of a 50.2% stake in Sanyo, making Sanyo a subsidiary of Panasonic.

 In July 2010, Panasonic announced to acquire the remaining shares of Sanyo.


Corporate culture

Sanyo utilizes an extensive socialization process for new employees, so that they will be acclimatized to Sanyo's corporate culture.

New employees take a five-month course during which they eat together and share company-provided sleeping accommodation. They learn everything from basic job requirements to company expectations for personal grooming and the appropriate way in which to address their coworkers and superiors.

History

Sanyo was founded when Toshio Iue (Iue Toshio, 1902–1969), the brother-in-law of Konosuke Matsushita and also a former Matsushita employee, was lent an unused Matsushita plant in 1947 and used it to make bicycle generator lamps. Sanyo was incorporated in 1950; in 1952 it made Japan's first plastic radio and in 1954 Japan's first pulsator-type washing machine.

 The company's name means three oceans in Japanese, referring to the founder's ambition to sell their products worldwide, across the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.


Technologically Sanyo has had good ties with Sony, supporting the Betamax video format from invention until the mid 1980s (the best selling video recorder in the UK in 1983 was the Sanyo VTC5000), and later being an early adopter of the highly successful Video8 camcorder format. More recently, though, Sanyo decided against supporting Sony's format, the Blu-ray Disc, and instead gave its backing to Toshiba's HD DVD. This was ultimately unsuccessful, however, as Sony's Blu-ray triumphed.


In North America, Sanyo manufactures CDMA cellular phones exclusively for Sprint-Nextel corporation's Sprint PCS brand in the United States, and for Bell Mobility in Canada.


The 2004 Chūetsu earthquake severely damaged Sanyo's semiconductor plant and as a result Sanyo recorded a huge financial loss for that year. The 2005 fiscal year financial results saw a 205 billion yen net income loss. The same year the company announced a restructuring plan called the Sanyo Evolution Project, launching a new corporate vision to make the corporation into an environmental company, plowing investment into strong products like rechargeable batteries, solar photovoltaics, air conditioning, hybrid car batteries and key consumer electronics such as the Xacti camera, projectors and mobile phones.

Sanyo's 3-year restructuring project


Sanyo posted signs of recovery after the announcement of positive operating income of 2.6 billion yen. Sanyo remains the world number one producer of rechargeable batteries. Recent product innovations in this area include the Eneloop Low self-discharge NiMH battery, a "hybrid" rechargeable NiMH (Nickel-metal hydride battery) which, unlike typical NiMH cells, can be used from-the-package without an initial recharge cycle and retain a charge significantly longer than batteries using standard NiMH battery design. The Eneloop line competes against similar products such as Rayovac's "Hybrid Rechargeable" line.


In December 2005 Sanyo had their new Super Sharp Technology patented.


In January 2006 Sanyo received a massive capital injection from Goldman Sachs, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation and Daiwa Securities which resulted in five members of the banks represented joining the nine-person Board of Directors.


On 24 November 2006, Sanyo announced heavy losses and job cuts.


Tomoyo Nonaka, a former NHK anchorwoman who was appointed Chairman of the company, stepped down in March 2007. The President, Toshimasa Iue, also stepped down in April of that year; Seiichiro Sano was appointed to head the company effective April 2007. In October 2007, Sanyo cancelled a 110 billion yen ($942 million) sale of its semiconducter business, blaming the global credit crisis for the decision and stating that after exploring its other options, it had decided to keep the business and develop it as part of its portfolio.


On April 1, 2008, they merged their cell phone division with Kyocera.


On November 2, 2008, Sanyo and Panasonic announced that they have agreed on the main points of a proposed buyout that would make Sanyo a subsidiary of Panasonic  and a formal announcement of the acquisition was made on Sanyo's web site on December 19, 2008.

They became a subsidiary of Panasonic on December 21, 2009.


On July 15, 2010 Sanyo agreed to sell its semiconductor operations to ON Semiconductor for $366 million to be completed before the end of 2010.

On July 29. 2010 Panasonic reached an agreement to acquire the remaining shares of Panasonic Electric Works and Sanyo shares for $9.4 billion.


By April 2012, parent company Panasonic plans to terminate the Sanyo brand, however it will be remain on some of the products where the Sanyo brand still hold value to consumers.

JAPAN IS STRANGE

Strange how situations change. It seems not so long ago that Japan and its industries, particularly electronics, could do no wrong. They taught us how to make cars and TV sets properly. They invested heavily and came up with a seem- ingly endless stream of desirable, innova- tive products. Both outsiders and insiders could see no end to this success story. We were told, by more than one leading Japanese electronics industrialist, that the 21st century would be the Japanese one, when Japan became predominant industri- ally and culturally. For the last couple of years the situation has been somewhat different. Japan is still the world's second largest economy, but the previous confidence has gone. The econo- my has stalled, and doesn't look like getting going again for some time. Profitability has become appalling, and the talk now is all of restructuring and job losses. Sony has announced that some 17,000 jobs will be lost worldwide, ten per cent of its workforce, while fifteen of its seventy factories are to be closed. Mighty Hitachi, whose activities span a much wider field and whose turnover is equivalent to over two per cent of Japan's gross domestic product, has launched a detailed review of its businesses. 6,500 of its 66,000 parent company employees are to be made redun- dant by March next year. On a consolidat- ed basis Hitachi is Japan's largest employ- er, with 330,000 staff. Businesses are to be dropped or reorganised. The story from Mitsubishi Electric is similar: there is to be a "sweeping restructuring of its portfolio of businesses". In the UK, the latest manifes- tation of this is the closure of Mitsubishi's VCR plant at Livingston. 14,500 jobs will go (8,400 in Japan) at Mitsubishi Electric, nearly ten per cent of the workforce. Other manufacturers who have announced poor results and restructuring recently include NEC, Matsushita, Sharp and Toshiba. It's all a long way since the time when, it seemed, all the Japanese had to do was to get the product right and produce more and more of it. Some of this was foreseeable. Markets reach saturation point; new products are not always a runaway success; if investment in new plant is excessive you end up with too much capacity; and so on. Then there is the fact that Japan is not isolated from econom- ic problems elsewhere: no economy that is heavily dependent on exports can be. But there are also more specific Japanese prob- lems. The banking system is beset by non- performing loans that Japanese bankers are reluctant to write off. The bubble economy of a few years ago, when asset values rose to unrealistic levels, collapsed. This is part of the cause of the banking system difficul- ties. Then there is the practice of cross - ownership, with firms owning substantial stakes in each other. This can work nicely when everything is doing well: when reces- sion looms, it aggravates the problems. Japan's unemployment rate hit a new high of 4.8 per cent (3.39m) in March, part- ly because of the corporate sector restructur- ing. Japanese industrialists hope to improve their profitability in the second half of the year, and will be helped by improved condi- tions in SE Asia. But it will be hard going, particularly to improve domestic market conditions. The Japanese have always had a high propensity to save. This increases when the economic climate is poor, with unemployment a threat. Right now Japanese consumers are saving rather than buying. No one seems to know how to alter their behaviour. There is also a demographic problem: the Japanese population is ageing. Japanese interest rates are negligible. So borrowing is not a problem. But conversely all those savings are bringing in little income. In the Western world interest rate changes often have a considerable impact on the economy. This economic tool is not available when interest rates are negligible. The Japanese have been advised to get their banking system sorted out, but that's not the sort of thing that can be done overnight. Right now the best opportunity for Japan seems to be to export its way out of its dif- ficulties, something that shouldn't be too difficult once worldwide expansion has resumed. But the high value of the yen is a drawback. From the economic viewpoint it's an extremely interesting situation, one in which the laws of economics have little to offer. This could be because such laws are, basically, descriptive rather than prescrip- tive. In the real world you can't always ini- tiate economic activity through monetary or fiscal means. Some commentators have gone so far as to suggest that the Japanese government should spend, spend, spend and print money to kick-start the economy. This is a dangerous course that can go badly wrong. It has already been tried by the Japanese government to a limited extent, with similarly limited success. The one thing that we do know is that economies are not stable. Change is ever present in one form or another. The prob- lem lies in trying to control it. This is all rather humbling, and certainly something of a comeuppance for the rather arrogant Japanese industrialists who had talked about the century of Japanese economic hegemony.

See also:

Osaka portalCompanies portal Kyocera Communications

List of digital camera brands
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Panasonic Wild Knights
Primearth EV Energy Co

Some References:

"Financial Results for FY 2011" (PDF). panasonic.net. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
"Consumer Market Research - Business Solutions - npd.com". npd.com. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Outline". panasonic.net. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. - Panasonic". sanyo.com. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

Daisuke Wakabayashi (5 February 2010). "Sanyo Deal Hits Panasonic Results". WSJ. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

J. Impoco, "Basic Training, Sanyo Style". U.S. News & World Report, July 13, 1992, pp. 46–48.

http://assets.whirlpoolcorp.com/wp-content/uploads/history_100years_factsheet.pdf

Myer, Edwin W. (29 November 1982). "Hardware Review: Sanyo MBC 1000 Small Business Computer". InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 101. Retrieved 14 Feb 2017.

Shea, Tom (11 July 1983). "Sanyo Developing IBM Clone". InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 1. Retrieved 14 Feb 2017.

"Sanyo 555, small business computers. (evaluation)".

"Toshiba to give up on HD DVD, end format war: source". Reuters. February 16, 2008.

"The Japan Times - News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More". The Japan Times. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Sanyo Chairwoman Tomoyo Nonaka resigns". UPI. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Login". timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

NHKニュース　三洋電機 子会社化で大筋合意 Archived 2009-10-15 at the Portuguese Web Archive (NHK News: Agreement to Main Points to make Sanyo Electric a Subsidiary) Retrieved on November 2, 2008

Sanyo Press Release Retrieved on May 14, 2009

"www.sanyosemi.com has been integrated into www.onsemi.com".

"Panasonic Electric Works - Panasonic" (PDF). panasonic-electric-works.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Panasonic buying Sanyo and other unit for $9.4 billion". reuters.com. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Consolidation Continues: Panasonic To Buy Sanyo". Renewable Energy World. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

Brand name of Sanyo to be basically terminated in April 2012^{[permanent dead link]}

Rohit T. K. in Bangalore and James B. Kelleher (13 August 2013). "Whirlpool buys 51 percent stake in China appliance maker". Reuters.

http://solar.sanyo.com/hit.html

"404 Error - Page Not Found". www.imedinews.ge. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

"Power & Energy Technology - IHS Technology".

"Toshiba : Press Releases 27 April, 2001".

"Sanyo completes construction of lithium-ion battery facility in Japan" (Press release). Sanyo via Autoblog Green. 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2010-08-10.

BioAge Media. "Green Car Congress: Sanyo to More than Double NiMH Battery Production Based on Hybrid Demand".

"Sanyo India Launch". Financial Express. Retrieved 11 August 2016.

"Sanyo Smart TV Launch". Amazon Press Release. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

"Sanyo NXT Series". Economic Times. Retrieved 9 August 2017.

"Sanyo 4K Smart Series". Digit. Retrieved 6 December 2017.

"Sanyo EESL AC". Economic Times. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

"Sanyo LCD". TopTenREVIEWS. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Sanyo FVF5044". PCMAG. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

"Sanyo introduces 65-inch LCD TV for $998". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 19 February 2015.

 

SANYO CTP3203 CHASSIS TP-32030 INTERNAL VIEW.

 SANYO CTP3203  CHASSIS TP-32030

 TAA707AP VIF IC

HA1125 SIF IC

C1025 FRAME OUT

Polarity: NPN
Maximum Collector Power Dissipation (Pc): 25 W
Maximum Collector-Base Voltage Vcb: 120 V
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage Vce: 80 V
Maximum Emitter-Base Voltage Veb: 4 V
Maximum Collector Current Ic max: 3 A
Max. Operating Junction Temperature (Tj): 150 °C
Forward Current Transfer Ratio (hFE), MIN: 80

2SC643A HOR OUT (2)

Polarity: NPN
Maximum Collector Power Dissipation (Pc): 50 W
Maximum Collector-Base Voltage Vcb: 1500 V
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage Vce: 800 V
Maximum Emitter-Base Voltage Veb: 5 V
Maximum Collector Current Ic max: 2.5 A
Max. Operating Junction Temperature (Tj): 150 °C
Transition Frequency (ft): 1.5 MHz
Collector Capacitance (Cc): 190 pF
Forward Current Transfer Ratio (hFE), MIN: 5

2SC1050 SUPPLY REG OUT

2SD24YK SOUND OUT

2SC1507 RGB AMPL.  (3)

Polarity: NPN

Maximum Collector Power Dissipation (Pc): 12 W

Maximum Collector-Base Voltage Vcb: 300 V
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage Vce: 250 V
Maximum Emitter-Base Voltage Veb: 6 V
Maximum Collector Current Ic max: 0.25 A
Max. Operating Junction Temperature (Tj): 175 °C
Transition Frequency (ft): 25 MHz
Forward Current Transfer Ratio (hFE), MIN: 60

 

The electrical components of a television receiver are assembled in a plurality of modules. Each module is coupled into the set by means of connectors so that it may be easily removed and replaced if required. Substantially all of the modules are assembled in a single chassis in the form of a drawer which can be moved to a forward position extending outside of the front of the television cabinet for easy access to each module. 

 

A portion of the electronic modules are pivotally supported on the chassis so that they may be swung to one side to expose other electronic modules without removal from the electronic chassis. The connectors mounted on the electronic chassis have openings in the electronic chassis positioned adjacent the connectors to provide an area for soldering the grounding wires to the chassis from the connector. The opening also prevents contact between the soldering iron and the connectors to prevent damage to the connectors during the soldering operation. A power line interlock is provided which disconnects power to the electronic chassis when the electronic chassis is withdrawn from the cabinet for maintenance. A connector is provided on the electronic chassis, accessible from the front of the cabinet with the chassis in its forward position, to provide means for providing power to the electronic chassis with the chassis in its forward position.  

The electronic modules include a high voltage chassis, a power supply chassis and a plurality of printed wiring boards with components mounted thereon. The printed wiring boards are so positioned within the electronic chassis that they are easily removable and are accessible for measurements therein without removal from the chassis. The tuners used within the television receiver are mounted on brackets connected to the electronic chassis for easy removal of the tuner from the television set without disassembly of the other components of the electronic chassis. 

 POWER SUPPLY :a regulated DC power supply circuit comprising a full wave rectification stage for rectifying an AC input and a regulating stage for regulating an output voltage from the rectification stage.utilizes a transistor connected in series between a source of unregulated DC voltage and a load to be supplied with regulated voltage. This regulated power supply is shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,028,538. An error control voltage is generated in a bridge-like circuit having a source of reference voltage and a reference resistor as one branch, the load and a voltage control resistor as a second branch and the input to a control (error) amplifier as the third branch. The output of the control amplifier is connected to the control electrode of the series pass transistor. A power supply unit having a series regulator that changes an input DC voltage input from a DC power supply into a stabilized output DC voltage lower than the input DC voltage, includes: a power consuming unit, provided on a direct current path between the DC power supply and the series regulator, including a parallel circuit formed by a first fixed resistor and a semiconductor device.A series regulator (dropper type power supply) is known as a power supply unit that changes an input direct current (DC) voltage input from a DC power supply into a stabilized output DC voltage.This series regulator changes the input DC voltage to the stabilized output DC voltage that is lower than the input DC voltage.This series regulator, however, converts a power loss generated by voltage drop between an input and an output of a semiconductor device such as a transistor, used as a three-terminal regulator device serving as a main controlling device, into heat. Thus, in a case where the voltage drop is large, the power loss in the semiconductor device also becomes large.

 

The rectifier output voltage is smoothed in a smoothing capacitor. Voltage stabilization is provided in the stabilizing circuits by the use of Zener diode circuits to provide biasing to control the collector-emitter paths of respective transistors.A linear regulator circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention has an input node receiving an unregulated voltage and an output node providing a regulated voltage. The linear regulator circuit includes a voltage regulator, a bias circuit, and a current control device.

In one embodiment, the current control device is implemented as an NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) having a collector electrode forming the input node of the linear regulator circuit, an emitter electrode coupled to the input of the voltage regulator, and a base electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias circuit. A first capacitor may be coupled between the input and reference terminals of the voltage regulator and a second capacitor may be coupled between the output and reference terminals of the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator may be implemented as known to those skilled in the art, such as an LDO or non-LDO 3-terminal regulator or the like.

The bias circuit may include a bias device and a current source. The bias device has a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the voltage regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the current control device. The current source has an input coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device and an output coupled to the second terminal of the bias device. A capacitor may be coupled between the first and second terminals of the bias device.
In the bias device and current source embodiment, the bias device may be implemented as a Zener diode, one or more diodes coupled in series, at least one light emitting diode, or any other bias device which develops sufficient voltage while receiving current from the current source. The current source may be implemented with a PNP BJT having its collector electrode coupled to the second terminal of the bias device, at least one first resistor having a first end coupled to the emitter electrode of the PNP BJT and a second end, a Zener diode and a second resistor. The Zener diode has an anode coupled to the base electrode of the PNP BJT and a cathode coupled to the second end of the first resistor. The second resistor has a first end coupled to the anode of the Zener diode and a second end coupled to the reference terminal of the voltage regulator. A second Zener diode may be included having an anode coupled to the cathode of the first Zener diode and a cathode coupled to the first current electrode of the current control device.
A circuit is disclosed for improving operation of a linear regulator, having an input terminal, an output terminal, and a reference terminal. The circuit includes an input node, a transistor, a bias circuit, and first and second capacitors. The transistor has a first current electrode coupled to the input node, a second current electrode for coupling to the input terminal of the linear regulator, and a control electrode. The bias circuit has a first terminal for coupling to the output terminal of the linear regulator and a second terminal coupled to the control electrode of the transistor. The first capacitor is for coupling between the input and reference terminals of the linear regulator, and the second capacitor is for coupling between the output and reference terminals of the linear regulator. The bias circuit develops a voltage sufficient to drive the control terminal of the transistor and to operate the linear regulator. The bias circuit may be a battery, a bias device and a current source, a floating power supply, a charge pump, or any combination thereof. The transistor may be implemented as a BJT or FET or any other suitable current controlled device.

Power Supply: The examples chosen are taken from manufacturers' circuit diagrams and are usually simplified to emphasise the fundamental nature of the circuit. For each example the particular transistor properties that are exploited to achieve the desired performance are made clear. As a rough and ready classification the circuits are arranged in order of frequency: this part is devoted to circuits used at zero frequency, field frequency and audio frequencies. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 SANYO CTP3203  CHASSIS TP-32030  Chrominance signal gain control circuit
 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (JA)
 A chrominance signal gain control circuit comprising a band pass amplifier of a gain control type for amplifying a signal including a burst signal and a chrominance signal while the gain thereof is controllable as a function of a control voltage input, a burst amplifier responsive to the output from the band pass amplifier and a burst extracting pulse, such as a flyback pulse, for extracting and amplifying the burst signal, and an automatic color control detecting circuit responsive to the output from the burst amplifier for providing a peak detected output of the burst signal to the band pass amplifier as a control voltage input, whereby an automatic chrominance signal control is achieved, said circuit further comprising means for providing to the band pass amplifier as another control voltage input a pulse signal having a pulse width and a phase time covering the burst signal, the magnitude of which pulse signal is controllable manually or automatically. Manual adjustment of the magnitude of the pulse signal enables a color saturation control, while automatic adjustment thereof as a function of a color killer voltage enables a color killer operation and automatic adjustment thereof as a function of a peak detected output of the chrominance signal from the band pass amplifier enables a peak color control.
 
 1. A chrominance signal control circuit in a color television apparatus, comprising:

amplifying means of a gain control type for selectively amplifying a composite signal including a burst signal and a chrominance signal, the gain thereof being controllable as a function of a control voltage input,

means for providing a pulse signal having a pulse width and a phase time encompassing the burst signal of said composite signal,

means receiving the selectively amplified composite signal output of said amplifying means and responsive to the pulse signal from said pulse signal providing means for extracting the burst signal from the selectively amplified composite signal,

means for receiving and peak detecting the extracted burst signal and supplying the peak detected burst signal output thereof to said amplifying means as the control voltage input,

means receiving the selectively amplified composite signal output of said amplifying means and providing a peak detected output of the chrominance signal only, of said composite signal, when the peak detected chrominance signal output exceeds a predetermined value, and

means responsive to the burst extracting pulse signal for producing a control pulse output, said means receiving the peak detected chrominance signal output for automatically adjusting the magnitude of the control pulse and supplying the control pulse to said amplifying means for selectively controlling the gain thereof for amplification of the burst signal, thereby to afford peak color control of the selectively amplified, composite signal output of said first amplifying means. .


2. The chrominance signal control circuit in accordance with claim 1, in which said automatic adjusting means is operable as a function of a color disabling voltage, thereby affording color disabling operation.

3. The chrominance signal control circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said gain control amplifying means comprises:

a first amplifying means receiving the composite signal and responsive to the control pulse output of said means for automatically adjusting the magnitude of the pulse signal, for selectively amplifying the burst signal of the composite signal, and producing an output composite signal having the burst signal thereof selectively amplified, and

second amplifying means receiving the output of said first amplifying means and responsive to the control voltage input thereto, received from said means for providing a peak detected output from said extracted burst signal, for adjusting the gain thereof and correspondingly the amplification of the composite signal output having the selectively amplified burst signal, as produced by said first amplifying means.


4. The chrominance signal control circuit as recited in claim 3 wherein said first amplifying means comprises a video amplifier connected in a stage preceding said second amplifying means.

5. The chrominance signal control circuit as recited in claim 4 wherein said second amplifying means comprises a band pass amplifier.

6. The chrominance signal control circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said amplifying means has a first input for receiving the composite signal comprising a burst signal and a chrominance signal, and a second input for receiving in common the control pulse for control of the gain thereof for selectively amplifying the burst signal of the composite signal, and the control voltage input for control of the gain thereof for amplification of the composite signal comprising the burst signal and the chrominance signal.

7. A chrominance signal control circuit in a color television apparatus, comprising:

amplifying means of a gain control type for selectively amplifying a composite signal including a burst signal and a chrominance signal, the gain thereof being controllable as a function of a control voltage input, and, selectively, as a function of a control pulse input,

means for providing a pulse signal having a pulse width and a phase time encompassing the burst signal of said composite signal,

means receiving the selectively amplified composite signal output of said amplifying means and responsive to the pulse signal from said pulse signal providing means for extracting the burst signal from the selectively amplified composite signal,

means for receiving and peak detecting the extracted burst signal and supplying the peak detected burst signal output thereof to said amplifying means as the control voltage input,

means receiving the selectively amplified composite signal output of said amplifying means and providing a peak detected output of the chrominance signal only, of said composite signal, when the peak detected chrominance signal output exceeds a predetermined value, and

means responsive to the burst extracting pulse signal for producing a control pulse output having a pulse width and a phase time encompassing the burst signal of said composite signal, and responsive to the peak detected chrominance signal output for automatically adjusting the magnitude of the control pulse output thereof and supplying the control pulse to said amplifying means for selectively controlling the gain of said amplifying means during said phase time encompassing the burst signal of said composite signal, such that an increase of said peak detected chrominance signal output adjusts the magnitude of the control pulse output to increase the gain of said amplifying means for selective amplification of the burst signal, and the control voltage produced in accordance with the peak detected burst signal output reduces the gain of said amplifying means, thereby to afford peak color control of the selectively amplified, composite signal output of said amplifying means.


8. A chrominance signal control circuit in a color television apparatus, comprising:

band pass amplifying means of a gain control type having a first input for receiving the composite signal comprising a burst signal and a chrominance signal, and a second input for receiving both a control voltage and a control pulse input for control of the gain thereof,

means for providing a pulse signal having a pulse width and a phase time encompassing the burst signal of said composite signal,

means receiving the selectively amplified composite signal output of said amplifying means and responsive to the pulse signal from said pulse signal providing means for extracting the burst signal from the selectively amplified composite signal,

means for receiving and peak detecting the extracted burst signal and supplying the peak detected burst signal output thereof to said amplifying means as the control voltage input thereto

means receiving the composite signal output of said amplifying means and providing a peak detected of the chrominance signal only, of said composite signal output, when the peak detected chrominance signal output exceeds a predetermined value, and

means responsive to the burst extracting pulse signal for producing a control pulse output and receiving the peak detected chrominance signal output for automatically adjusting the magnitude of the control pulse output thereof and supplying the control pulse as said control pulse input to said amplifying means for selectively controlling the gain thereof for selective amplification of the burst signal, thereby to afford peak color control of the selectively amplified, composite signal output of said amplifying means.


Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a chrominance signal gain control circuit. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improvement in a manner of controlling the gain of an automatic color control circuit.

2. Description of the Prior Art

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a typical prior art automatic color control circuit commonly used in a color television receiver. An intermediate frequency signal is amplitude detected by a detector 9 and the resultant composite video signal is amplified by a video amplifier 10. The composite video signal, as amplified, is applied to a band pass transformer 11, where a chrominance signal as well as a burst signal are extracted. The chrominance signal as well as the burst signal, thus extracted, are applied to a first band pass amplifier 12 and further to a second band pass amplifier 13. A portion of the output from the first band pass amplifier 12 is applied to a burst amplifier 14, where the burst signal is extracted, as a function of a pulse output from pulse source circuit 15, and amplified. The pulse may be a flyback pulse obtainable from a horizontal scan circuit as the circuit 15 or of a delayed horizontal synchronizing pulse obtainable from a synchronization separating circuit as the circuit 15. The burst signal, as extracted and amplified, is applied to an automatic color control detecting circuit (ACC detector) 16 and is amplitude detected thereby. An output from the automatic color control detecting circuit 16 is applied to a control electrode of the first band pass amplifier 12 for control of the gain thereof as a function of the output from the circuit 16. It is to be understood that a closed loop for automatic color control is implemented by the first band pass amplifier 12, the burst amplifier 14, and the automatic color control detecting circuit 16, such that the burst signal output from the band pass amplifier 12 may be of controlled to be constant amplitude in spite of changes in the amplitude of the input signal. FIG. 2 is a graph showing relation between the gain of the first band pass amplifier 12 (ordinate) and the control voltage obtained from the automatic color control detecting circuit 16 (abscissa). As seen from the FIG. 2 graph, such a relation is rather linear.

More detailed description will be made of the operation of automatic color control with particular reference to FIG. 1. As seen from the FIG. 2 graph, the gain control characteristic of the first band pass amplifier 12 is of such a type that a control voltage increasing in a positive going direction as applied to the control electrode of the amplifier 12, increases the gain of the amplifier 12. Now assuming that the input signal to be applied to the first band pass amplifier 12 becomes larger, the output control voltage from the automatic color control detecting circuit 16 becomes lower and accordingly the gain of the amplifier 12 decreases, with the result that the magnitude of the output burst signal from the amplifier 12 is likely to be kept constant.

In general, the amplitude of the chrominance signal may range in magnitude up to a limit that satisfies the following equation: V2 < 2V1

where

V2 is the amplitude of the chrominance signal, and

V1 is the amplitude of the burst signal in the band pass amplifier, as seen in FIG. 3, which shows a wave form of the chrominance signal as well as the burst signal.

However, the ratio of V1 versus V2 varies depending upon the broadcasting stations. Therefore, if the magnitude of the chrominance signal (V2) is controlled in response to the magnitude of the burst signal (V1), a disadvantage will result in practice. More specifically, proper automatic color control could be provided in reception from one broadcasting station, while the chrominance signal could be in a saturated condition in reception from another broadcasting station, although the magnitude of the burst signal has been controlled properly in both cases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly described, the present invention is directed to a chrominance signal gain control circuit for the color band pass amplifier in a color television apparatus, such as a color television receiver, wherein a pulse signal having a phase time corresponding to or covering the burst signal is applied to a band pass amplifier to which an automatic color control voltage is applied, or to any other gain control amplifier which may be provided in advance of the band pass amplifier, whereby adjustment of the magnitude of the said pulse signal causes the gain of the amplifier during a burst signal period of time versus the gain of the amplifier during a horizontal scanning period of time, to be controlled relatively to each other, thereby controlling the magnitude of the chrominance signal.

Therefore, a primary object of the present invention is to improve a manner of controlling the gain of an automatic color control circuit in a color television apparatus.

An aspect of the present invention is to manually or automatically control the magnitude of the chrominance signal, in cooperation with a conventional automatic color control circuit by using a pulse signal having a pulse width and a phase time which encompasses the burst signal of the received, composite video signal in a color television apparatus.

These and other objects and features of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a typical prior art automatic color control circuit commonly used in a color television apparatus,

FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relation between the gain of the band pass amplifier and the automatic color control voltage,

FIG. 3 shows a wave form of the chrominance signal and the burst signal,

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a chrominance signal gain control circuit in accordance with the present invention,

FIG. 5 shows a waveform for explanation of operation of the FIG. 4 embodiment,

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the FIG. 6 embodiment.

In the figures like reference characters designate like portions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a chrominance signal gain control circuit in accordance with the present invention. A significant feature of the present invention is that a burst extracting pulse or a burst sampling pulse is produced and is applied to a control signal input of the first band pass amplifier 12, for example, through a burst extracting pulse control circuit 17, a gain of which is controllable manually or automatically. The remaining portions of the FIG. 4 diagram are substantially the same as those in the FIG. 1 diagram and therefore more detailed description thereof will be omitted.

For the purpose of describing the operation of the FIG. 4 embodiment, first let it be assumed that the signal input circuit of the first band pass amplifier 12 is supplied with an input signal as shown in FIG. 5(a). In such a situation, further let it be assumed that the automatic color control circuit is cut off or disabled and the control input circuit of the first band pass amplifier 12 is supplied with a burst extracting pulse, as shown in FIG. 5(b). Then, the gain of the first band pass amplifier 12 increases only during the time period of the burst extracting pulse, so that an output as shown in FIG. 5(c) is obtained at the output of the amplifier 12. Now assume that the automatic color control circuit is properly connected or enabled. Then the automatic color control circuit will operate responsive only to the magnitude of the burst signal (V1), without any regard to the magnitude of the chrominance signal (V2), with the result that the gain of the first band pass amplifier 12 is controlled such that the magnitude of the burst signal (V1) may be kept constant. As a result, the output from the first band pass amplifier 12 becomes V2', as shown in FIG. 5 (d ), which means that the magnitude of the chrominance signal is made to be smaller relatively as compared with the magnitude of the burst signal (V1).

If the gain of the pulse control circuit 17 is adjusted manually, or automatically in response to any suitable control signal as to be more fully described hereinafter, such that the magnitude of the pulse applied to the first band pass amplifier 12 is accordingly controlled, then the magnitude of the chrominance signal is accordingly controlled. If a voltage representative of the presence or absence of the burst signal, e.g. a color killer voltage, is used as the control signal to be applied to the pulse control circuit 17 for automatic adjustment thereof, the pulse control circuit 17 serves to operate as a color killer circuit. On the other hand, a manual adjustment of the pulse control circuit 17 performs substantially the same function as a color saturation adjustment. Conventionally, color saturation adjustment has been made using a variable resistor provided between the first and second band pass amplifiers 12 and 13, which usually makes the circuit concerned complicated. By contrast, color saturation adjustment can be implemented by a simple circuit in accordance with the abovementioned embodiment, inasmuch as the gain of the pulse control circuit 17 can be done in a DC control manner.

As an alternative embodiment, the video amplifier 10 may be an amplifier of a gain control type, a control voltage input of which is supplied with the output from the pulse control circuit 17. For example, the video amplifier 10 may be a gain control amplifier and accordingly the control pulse output of the circuit 17 may in the alternative be applied to the control input electrode of the video amplifier 10 rather than to the input of band pass amplifier 12, as shown by dotted line in FIG. 6, as well as in FIG. 4. In other words, a gain control of only the burst signal for the purpose of the present invention can be done using not only the band pass amplifier 12 of a gain control type but also any amplifier of a gain control type provided in a stage preceding the band pass amplifier 12. It is to be pointed out that the present invention covers such alternative embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the gain of the pulse control circuit 17 is automatically adjusted in response to a different control signal. More specifically, the FIG. 6 embodiment is directed to a peak color control, in which only if and when a peak of the chrominance signal exceeds a predetermined value, the pulse control circuit (pulse magnitude adjust) 17 is enabled to control the first band pass amplifier 12 such that the peak of the chrominance signal may be kept constant. A portion of the output from the first band pass amplifier 12 is applied to peak detector 18, where an output is obtainable only if and when a peak of the chrominance signal exceeds a predetermined value. The output from the peak detector 18 is applied to the control input of the pulse control circuit 17. The other portions of the FIG. 6 embodiment are substantially the same as those in the FIG. 4 embodiment and therefore more detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In operation, when a peak of the chrominance signal exceeds a predetermined value or V2 becomes larger than 2V1, a peak detected output is obtained from the peak detector 18 and is applied to the control input of the pulse control circuit 17 to increase the gain of the circuit 17. In response thereto, the band pass amplifier 12 amplifies the burst signal selectively, as compared with the chrominance signal. On the other hand, the chrominance signal as well as the burst signal will be made smaller through the automatic color control operation of the automatic color control detecting circuit 16. As a result, the chrominance signal is selectively made smaller as compared with the burst signal. Thus a peak color control can be achieved.

A schematic diagram of the FIG. 6 embodiment is shown in FIG. 7, in which the same blocks are denoted by the same reference characters. The first band pass amplifier 12 comprises a differential amplifier comprising transistors TR1 and TR2, and a signal input circuit implemented by a transistor TR3. The chrominance signal input as well as the burst signal input is applied to the base of the transistor TR3 and an output therefrom is applied to the differential amplifier. A control electrode of the transistor TR1 is fixed to a predetermined potential, while a control electrode of the transistor TR2 is supplied with an automatic color control signal from the detecting circuit 16. In accordance with the FIG. 7 embodiment of the present invention, the control electrode of the transistor TR2 is further supplied with the output from the pulse control circuit 17. An output from the first band pass amplifier 12 is taken out through a tank circuit TAK1 and is applied to the second band pass amplifier 13, the burst amplifier 14 and the peak detector 18.

The burst amplifier 14 comprises a transistor TR5 and a tank circuit TAK2 tuned to the frequency of the burst signal. The input electrode of the transistor TR5 is supplied with a chrominance signal as well as a burst signal from the amplifier 12 and a burst extracting pulse from the pulse source 15. The output from the amplifier 14 is applied to the automatic color control detecting circuit 16. The circuit 16 comprise a peak detecting circuit comprising diodes D1 and D2 and an output therefrom is applied to the control input of the first band pass amplifier 12. The pulse control circuit 17 comprises a gain control amplifier comprising a transistor TR4 and the input electrode thereof is supplied with a pulse signal input through a resistor R2 from the pulse source 15 and a control input through a resistor R1 from the peak detector 18.

It is to be understood that the emitter of the transistor TR4 is biased to a predetermined value. Therefore, an output from the peak detector 18 that is of a smaller value is not large enough to enable conduction of the transistor TR4. However, when the output from the detector 18 exceeds a predetermined value, the transistor TR4 is enabled for conduction, so that the circuit 17 provides a pulse output in response to the pulse input signal from the pulse source 15 the pulse having an amplitude in proportion to the output from the detector 18. The pulse output from the circuit 17 is applied to the input electrode of the transistor TR2 of the amplifier 12, which thereby selectively amplifies the burst signal, changing the relative amplitude relationship between the burst and chrominance signals. More specifically, when the pulse output is applied to the base of the transistor TR2, the transistor TR2 becomes more conductive as compared with the transistor TR1, which means that the gain of the amplifier 12 becomes larger only during a burst signal time period. The automatic color control loop, as mentioned previously, then operates to reduce the amplitude of the composite signal in response to the peak detection of the amplified burst signal, through circuits 14 and 16. As a result, peak color control is achieved.

While specific preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent that obvious variations and modifications of the invention will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art from a consideration of the foregoing description. It is, therefore, desired that the present invention be limited only be the appended claims.

 
 SANYO CTP3203  CHASSIS TP-32030   Vertical deflection circuit
 
(Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (JA) )

In a vertical deflection circuit for use in a television receiver or the like comprising a vertical oscillation circuit, a saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit connected to the vertical oscillation circuit and a vertical deflection output circuit to which the output from the sawtooth wave voltage generating circuit is supplied, a capacitance circuit or a clamp circuit is advantageously incorporated in the vertical deflection circuit in order to eliminate bad effects on the interlaced scanning arising from the linearity correction loop.

 1. A vertical deflection circuit in which a horizontal signal component synchronized with the horizontal synchronizing signal is applied to a vertical deflection output, said circuit comprising a vertical oscillation circuit for generating a vertical output pulse train in response to vertical synchronizing pulses applied thereto, a saw-tooth wave voltage generator which produces a series of saw-tooth signals in response to said vertical output pulses, a vertical output circuit for amplifying said saw-tooth signals and loading a vertical deflection coil, and a negative current feedback path for vertical linearity correction provided between said vertical output circuit and said saw-tooth wave voltage generator, said saw-tooth wave voltage generator including a switching circuit to be switched in response to said vertical output pulses from said vertical oscillation circuit, a first capacitor for the saw-tooth signal formation wherein said first capacitor is repeatedly charged or discharged in response to said switching circuit and wherein output signals from said vertical output circuit are applied through said negative current feedback path to said first capacitor, and a clamping circuit connected in parallel to said first capacitor for clamping the saw-tooth voltage formed by said first capacitor for a very short period of time including the completion time of the retracing period of said vertical deflection.

2. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said clamping circuit means comprises a switching element to be rendered conductive for said very short period of time including said completion time of the retracing period of said vertical deflection, and a second capacitor for stabilizing said saw-tooth signal which second capacitor is connected in parallel to all or part of said first capacitor when said switching element is rendered conductive.

3. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said clamping circuit means further includes a resistance which is connected in parallel to said second capacitor and which is adapted, together with said second capacitor, to set the conducting time of said switching element to said very short period of time including said completion time of the retracing period of said vertical deflection.

4. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in cliam 3, wherein said clamping circuit means further includes a capacitor and a resistance in a series connection to each other and parallel to said second capacitor for preventing the vibration of a picture due to transient phenomenon.

5. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said clamping circuit means further includes a resistance which is connected in parallel to said switching element, and which is adapted, together with said second capacitor, to set the conducting time of said switching element to said very short period of time including said completion time of the retracing period of said vertical deflection.

6. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said clamping circuit means further includes a third capacitor connected in parallel to one of the divided resistors connected in parallel to said second capacitor for preventing vibration of picture due to transient phenomenon.

7. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said clamping circuit means comprises a switching element to be rendered conductive in said very short period of time including said completion time of the retracing period of said vertical deflection and a constant voltage compensator for supplying a constant voltage to said first capacitor when said switching element is rendered conductive.

8. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 7, wherein said constant voltage compensator for said clamping circuit means comprises a constant voltage source.

9. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 7, wherein said constant voltage compensator for said clamping circuit means comprises a Zenor diode.

10. A vertical deflection circuit as claimed in claim 7, wherein said switching element and said constant voltage compensator are connected in series to each other and in parallel to said first capacitor for the saw-tooth signal formation.

Description:

The present invention relates to a vertical deflection circuit for use in a television receiver or the like and, more particularly, to a transistorized vertical deflection circuit of a type wherein no vertical output transformer is employed. This type of vertical deflection circuit with no output transformer is generally referred to as an OTL (Output Transformerless) type vertical deflection circuit.

Conventionally, in the known vertical deflection circuit for use in television receivers or the like, various feedbacks are effected to attain good linearity. For example, feedback is effected from a vertical deflection output circuit to a saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit provided at the stage prior to said vertical deflection output circuit, in which case, when observation is made on the retracing period, a switching transistor for the saw-tooth voltage generating circuit becomes conductive, and horizontal signals from a horizontal deflection circuit and a pincushion correction circuit are in a state liable to be impressed upon the saw-tooth voltage generating circuit through the feedback loop with the vertical scanning being in a different phase relation to the horizontal scanning for each one field. Accordingly, upon completion of the vertical retracing period, voltage across a charge-and-discharge capacitor for the formation of the saw-tooth wave voltage in the saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit has d.c. level different for each one field, resulting in improper vertical interlaced scanning.

For the purpose of clearly explaining the disadvantages inherent in the conventional vertical deflection circuit of the above described type, the proir art circuit will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through to 3.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the proir art vertical deflection circuit,

FIGS. 2a to 2f are diagrams showing the wave forms of vertical deflection output produced in the prior art vertical deflection circuit of FIG. 1, and

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the variations of the terminal voltage of a charge-and-dischrge capacitor in the prior art deflection circuit.

Referring to FIG. 1, the circuit arrangement is such that, since a switching transistor 2 for saw-tooth wave voltage generation whose base is connected to a vertical oscillation circuit 1 is non-conductive in the scanning period, a charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 for forming the saw-tooth wave voltage is gradually charged by a power source +Eb through a resistor 10, while, in the retracing period, as the switching transistor 2 becomes conductive, the charge imparted to the capacitor C1 is discharged through said capacitor C1 with the saw-tooth voltage obtained across the capacitor C1, which sawtooth voltage is subsequently amplified by a driving tansistor 3 and simultaneously inverted to be applied to the bases of the output transistors 4 and 5. More specifically, when the saw-tooth wave voltage Va (at point A in FIG. 1) as shown in FIG. 2a is applied to the base of the driving transistor 3, an amplified and phase-inverted exciting voltage Vb (at point B in FIG. 1) as shown in FIG. 2b appears at the collector of the driving transistor 3 and applied to the bases of the output transistors 4 and 5, so that the output transistor 4 is rendered conductive at the first half of the scanning with a collector current ic1 as shown in FIG. 2c flowing in the collector of the transistor 4, while the output transistor 5 becomes conductive at the latter half of the scanning with a collector current ic2 as shown in FIG. 2d flowing in the collector of the transistor 5. Consequently, a deflection current id as shown in FIG. 2e flows in a vertical deflection coil 6 with voltage Vf as shown in FIG. 2f appearing at a junction P of the emitters of the output transistors 4 and 5.

Accordingly, the feedback loop f including a capacitor 7 and a resistor R1 functions so as to maintain the base potential of the driving transistor 3 alternatingly constant.

When observation is made on the retracing period, the switching transistor 2 is rendered conductive with a current flowing through the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 in a path shown by a dotted line arrow in FIG. 1, and upon completion of the retracing period, the terminal voltage across the capacitor C1 reaches a certain value.

Since the vertical scanning is in a different phase relation to the horizontal scanning for each one field, there are cases where the terminal voltage across the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 has different values for each one field due to the influence of voltages induced in the feedback loop f through a pincushion distortion correction circuit PC and a deflection coil 6, in which case the terminal voltage across the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 differs in the d.c. level for each one field, resulting in the fluctuation of the d.c. level of the vertical deflection output current and thus deteriorating the interlaced scanning. In other words, the variations of the terminal voltage of the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 are as shown in FIG. 3 with consequent inferior interlaced scanning, in which FIG. 3 the scanning period is shown by the symbol Ts, the retracing period by the symbol Tr and the horizontal scanning period by the symbol Th.

Accordingly, an essential object of the present invention is to provide a vertical deflection circuit for use in a television receiver or the like in which ill effects of a linearity control feedback loop hindering a proper interlaced scanning are advantageously removed with substantial elimination of the disadvantages inherent in the conventional vertical deflection circuits.

Another important object of the present invention is to provide a vertical deflection circuit of the above described type in which a capacitance circuit is incorporated for substantially increasing the capacity value of a charge-and-discharge capacitor for a predetermined period of time including a retracing period completion time in order to achieve proper and stable interlaced scanning.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a vertical deflection circuit of the above described type in which a clamping circuit comprising a switching element and a constant voltage compensator for supplying a constant voltage to a capacitor for saw-tooth signal formation is provided for improved interlaced scanning.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a vertical deflection circuit of the above described type which is simple in construction and accurate in functioning with consequent low cost.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a capacitance circuit is advantageously incorporated in the vertical deflection circuit of FIG. 1, which capacitance circuit further comprises a switching diode connected in series with a resistor and an auxiliary capacitor which are in parallel connection to each other. The capacitor circuit is connected in parallel to the charge-and-discharge capacitor which is connected between the collector of the switching transistor and the feedback loop in the vertical deflection circuit of FIG. 1. The auxiliary capacitor is one having a large capacity as compared with the charge-and-discharge capacitor, while the resistor which is in parallel connection to the auxiliary capacitor is such one as will form, together with the auxiliary capacitor, a large time constant circuit as compared with the vertical deflection period, by which circuit construction the ill effects from the linearity control feedback loop obstructing the proper interlaced scanning are advantageously eliminated.

These and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;

FIG. 4a is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of a vertical deflection circuit according to the present invention,

FIG. 4b is a similar diagram to FIG. 4a, but vertical deflection output transistors of the same polarity are employed therein,

FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams explanatory of the modes of operations of the circuit shown in FIG. 4a,

FIGS. 7 to 9 are circuit diagrams showing modifications of the circuit of FIG. 4a.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a second embodiment of a vertical deflection circuit according to the present invention,

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of a vertical deflection circuit according to the present invention,

FIGS. 12 to 14 are diagrams explanatory of the modes of operations of the circuit in FIG. 11,

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the circuit of FIG. 11 and

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a vertical deflection circuit according to the present invention.

Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it should be noted that like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the several views of the accompanying drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 4a, the vertical deflection circuit of the invention includes a vertical oscillation circuit 1 connected to the base of a switching transistor 2 for saw-tooth voltage generation, a charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 for saw-tooth wave voltage formation which is connected at one end thereof to the collector of the switching transistor 2 and to the base of a driving transistor 3 with the other end of the capacitor C1 connected to earth through a peaking resistor R1, two vertical deflection output transistors 4 and 5 of different polarity forming a vertical deflection circuit of a single ended push-pull (SEPP) type, a vertical deflection coil 6 to which a pincushion distortion correction circuit PC, a coupling capacitor 7 and a cancelling voltage supplying capacitor 8 are connected in series with the junction P of the capacitor 8 and the coil 6 connected to a common junction of the vertical deflection output transistors 4 and 5 and with the bases of the transistors 4 and 5 connected at a point B to the output collector of the driving transistor 3 for symmetrically exciting the transistors 4 and 5 by the driving voltage which is the output of the driving transistor 3, and a capacitance circuit 9 directly relevant to the present invention.

It should be noted that instead of the two vertical deflection output transistors 4 and 5 of different polarity to each other described as employed in the embodiment of FIG. 4a, two transistors 4' and 5' of the same polarity may be used with minor alteration in the circuit connection as shown in FIG. 4b, in which case also, the function of the circuit is approximately the same as in the embodiment of FIG. 4a, so that description thereof is abbreviated for brevity. Accordingly, although the description of modifications and other embodiments of the circuit is given hereinafter on the basis of FIG. 4a, it should be construed that these modifications and embodiments are also applicable to the circuit in FIG. 4b.

It should also be noted that, in the above circuit of FIGS. 4a or 4b if the vertical oscillation circuit 1 is formed by a multivibrator type oscillator or by a blocking oscillator, the transistors forming such oscillators may also serve the function of the switching transistor 2 mentioned above.

The above capacitance circuit 9 further includes a switching diode D1 connected in series with a resistor R2 and an auxiliary capacitor C2 which are in parallel connection. The capacitance circuit 9 is connected, between a point A and the feedback loop f of the vertical deflection circuit, in parallel to the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 which is connected between the collector of the switching transistor 2 and the feedback loop f. The auxiliary capacitor C2 should be one having a large capacity as compared with the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1, while the resistor R2 should be one having a value as will form together with the auxiliary capacitor C2, a large time constant circuit as compared with the vertical deflection period.

In the normally operating condition of the vertical deflection circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 4a, a proper d.c. current appears across the auxiliary capacitor C2 by the time constant circuit comprising the capacitor C2 and the resistor R2 to which feedback current id is applied, and renders switching diode D1 conductive for a very short period of time including the retracing period completion time. In other words, the diode D1 becomes conductive for a very short period of time Δt in FIG. 5, and the circuit in FIG. 4a becomes equivalent to the circuit in which only the capacitor C2 and the resistor R2 are connected in parallel to the capacitor C1. Accordingly, the charge-and-discharge capacitor is substantially composed of the capacity of the above mentioned capacitors C1 and C2 in parallel connection with the capacity value thereof being (C1 + C2) and with the voltage resulting from the undesirable horizontal deflection current which flows into the charge-and-discharge capacitor from the vertical output circuit becoming sufficiently small by the large capacity of the capacitors C1 and C2, thus the ill effects due to the horizontal deflection circuit being remarkably reduced as in FIG. 5 as compared with the case in FIG. 3. In the period other than the above mentioned period Δt, the diode D1 is rendered non-conductive with the circuit in FIG. 4a becoming equivalent to a circuit in which the diode D1 of the capacitance circuit 9 is removed, and consequently with the auxiliary capacitor C2 being irrelevant to the capacitor C1, thus the charging and discharging being effected only by the capacitor C1.

Referring to FIG. 6, the function of the circuit during the very short period of time Δt will be described more specifically hereinbelow. In the prior art circuit in FIG. 1 in which the diode D1, the capacitor C2 and the resistance R2 are not incorporated, voltages at points A and B, and voltage across the resistance R1 (point C) are as shown in FIG. 6. In the circuit of the invention in FIG. 4a having the capacitance circuit 9 comprising the diode D1, the capacitor C2 and the resistance R2, when the potential at the point A is low and the potential at the upper end of the resistance R1 is high, the diode D1 becomes conductive with the capacitor C2 charged, while in the other period, the capacitor C2 is discharged through the resistance R2. In other words, the terminal voltage across the capacitor C2 drops by the discharging amount through the resistance R2 after being charged and the capacitor C2 is subjected to subsequent charging. In the normal operating condition, the discharged amount is equal to the charged amount, so that if the discharging time constant due to the capacitor C2 and the resistance R2 is made sufficiently large as compared with the vertical deflection period, the discharging amount is equivalent to the charging amount during the vertical deflection period by the time constant, and the capacitor C2 is stablized at the charged condition of d.c. potential close to the maximum value of the saw-tooth wave voltage generated at the resistor R1 with the potential thereof slightly fluctuating by the charging and discharging mentioned earlier, which potential is in the direction to bias the diode D1 backward. In other words, in the stationary state, the diode D1 becomes conductive only when the sum of the potential generated at the resistance R1 and the potential at the capacitor C2 is of forward bias, while in the other period, the capacitor C2 is discharged through the resistance R2. If the discharging time constant of the resistance R2 and the capacitor C2 is sufficiently large, the time during which the diode D1 becomes conductive can be made very small as compared with the vertical deflection period.

When the circuit connection of FIG. 4a shown as the first embodiment of the present invention is employed, there are cases where vibrations of pictures are induced due to transient phenomenon during lock in time on synchronization, which undesirable vibrations, however, can be suppressed by the addition of proper phase correction circuits as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. For such correction circuits, in FIG. 7, a resistor R3 and a third capacitor C3 in series connection are connected in parallel to the time constant circuit comprising the capacitor C2 and the resistor R2 of FIG. 4a.

Referring to FIG. 7, function of the phase correction circuit for preventing the vibrations of pictures due to the transient phenomenon will be more specifically described hereinbelow.

In the conventional vertical oscillation circuits, since the free oscillation frequencies thereof are set at low level as compared with the vertical deflection frequencies, the vertical deflection frequencies carry out deflection at frequencies lower than regular deflection frequences in the channel charge-over etc., so that the saw-tooth wave generating at the resistance R2 becomes larger than that in the normal deflection period with the capacitor C2 charged at high level, in which case, when the deflection frequencies return back to regular level, the capacitor C2 discharges through the resistance R2 and does not function satisfactorily until the potential thereof returns back to the normal level.

In order to overcome the above disadvantages in the prior art circuits, the capacitor C3 and the resistance R3 are added in the circuit of FIG. 7 of the invention with the capacitor C3 set to be of larger capacity than the capacitor C2 and with the resistance R3 set to be of smaller value than the resistance R2 so that the time constant of the circuit comprising the capacitor C2 and C3 and the resistance R3 is smaller than that of the capacitor C2 and the resistance R2, by which arrangement, the capacitor C2 is charged in the similar manner to the above through the diode D1 with the capacitor C3 charged rather slowly through the resistance R3 and the diode D1. Until the stationary state is reached, a discharging loop through the capacitors C2 and C3 and the resistance R3 is formed, but in the stationary state, the terminal voltages across the capacitors C2 and C3 are approximately equal to each other with the capacitor C2 discharged almost through the resistance R2 and with the capacitor C3 discharged through the resistances R2 and R3. When the capacitors C2 and C3 are steadily working at a normal frequency with the frequency being low for a short period of time and returning back to the normal frequency (low frequency only during the channel change-over period), the saw-tooth wave appearing at the resistance R2 becomes large for a short period of time as earlier mentioned, so that the capacitor C2 is rapidly charged through the diode D1, while the capacitor C3 is charged through the loop via the resistance R3 with consequent slow charging speed. Accordingly, the terminal voltage across the capacitor C3 memorizes the potential at the regular frequency, and when the low frequency returns back to the regular frequency, the charge stored in excess in the capacitor C2 is discharged through the resistance R2 and simultaneously through the resistance R3 and the capacitor C3 so as to rapidly reach the normal level.

In FIG. 8, the resistance R2 of the time constant circuit of FIG. 4a is divided in series into resistances R2 and R3 with a third capacitor C3 connected in parallel to the resistance R3. A similar phase correction circuit to one mentioned above can be connected as shown in FIG. 9, which is another modification of FIG. 4a.

Referring to FIG. 10 showing a second embodiment of the invention, the resistor R1 side of the capacitor 7 is earthed with the feedback loop f connected to point P in FIG. 4a to form a voltage feedback circuit, in which circuit the capacitor C'1 forms a part of the feedback loop f from the vertical deflection output circuit to the saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit, and also a part of the charge-and-discharge capacity for the formation of the saw-tooth wave voltage with the function thereof being similar to one in FIG. 4a.

Referring now to FIG. 11, there is shown a third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a clamping circuit CL comprising a switching diode D1 and a constant voltage compensator E1 connected in series to each other is connected in parallel to the capacitor C1 for saw-tooth signal formation, which clamping circuit CL is intended to clamp the saw-tooth signal appearing across the capacitor C1 for a very short period of time including the completion time of the retracing period of the vertical deflection. In operation, the switching diode D1 is rendered conductive for the very short period of time including the completion time of the retracing period of the vertical deflection with the constant voltage compensator E1 supplying a constant voltage to the capacitor C1. In other words, the voltage across the charge-and-discharge capacitor C1 is adapted to be clamped at a constant value for a predetermined period of time including the retracing period completion time. In the above circuit arrangement, voltage as shown in FIG. 12 appears across the resistor R1 by the deflection current id flowing through the feedback loop f. It is to be noted that if the switching diode D1 and the constant voltage compensator E1 are not incorporated, voltage as shown in FIG. 13 will appear across the capacitor C1. If the voltage of the constant voltage source is determined to be E1 as shown in FIG. 13, the switching diode D1 becomes conductive in the very small period of time Δt exceeding the voltage E1, so that the voltage across the capcitor C1 is clamped at the voltage E1 for the very small period of time Δt including the retracting period completion time, as shown in FIG. 14, thus the ill effects due to the horizontal deflection circuit are advantageously prevented.

Referring to FIG. 15, there is shown a modification of the embodiment in FIG. 11. In this modification, a Zenor diode Dz is employed instead of the constant voltage compensator E1 in FIG. 11, which Zenor diode Dz connected in series with the switching diode D1 is connected in parallel to the capacitor C1. In this modification, the Zenor diode Dz functions in the similar manner to the constant voltage compensator E1 of the embodiment of FIG. 11.

Referring now to FIG. 16 in which a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown, a capacitor C'1 is connected in series to a capacitor C1 and in parallel to a constant voltage compensator E1 and a switching diode D1 which are connected in series to each other. In this embodiment, the capacitor C'1 forms a part of the feedback loop f from the vertical deflection output circuit to the saw-tooth wave voltage generating circuit and simultaneously forms a part of the charge-and-discharge capacity for the formation of the saw-tooth wave voltage.

The function of the circuit in FIG. 16 is approximately the same as that of the circuit of FIG. 11, so that description thereof is abbreviated for brevity.

As is clear from the foregoing description, according to the vertical deflection circuit of the invention, the undesirable effects on the vertical interlaced scanning due to the horizontal deflectinon circuit is advantageously prevented through the linearity correction feedback loop, and perfect interlaced scanning can be accurately effected by the simple circuit construction and with the consequent low cost.

Although the present invention has been fully described by way of example with reference to the attached drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention, whey should be construed as included therein.