The ITT SCHAUB LORENZ IDEAL COLOR 1963 OSCAR 16 is A 20 (51Cm) Inches color television in wooden cabinet with 16 programs with manual potentiometric channel preselection system and ultrasonic remote control program change called ideal computer cassette system.
The remote was also the keyboard for the set when fitted in his cassette compartment which was also a special connector housing for home datas computer.
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention
provides a TV receiver that is capable of simplified modification to
permit remote control. In particular, the TV receiver includes a housing
having an opening within the front face thereof to permit the facile
insertion of a remote adapter therein and a plate covering the opening
when the TV receiver is not adapted for remote control. The remote
adaptor illustratively includes a ultrasonic transmitter or transducer for receiving ultrasonic waves from a remote control unit and an amplifier capable of
amplifying and adapting the output of such transducer to provide
signals to a decoding circuit within the television receiver to permit
signals indicative of various functions of the television receiver
operation. For example, such signals would be capable of changing the TV
receiver's channel and volume, and of turning on and off the TV
receiver. In an illustrative embodiment of this invention, the remote control unit includes a plurality of push-buttons to permit the digital selection of the desired channel, to increase or decrease the volume of the audio output, and to turn on and off the TV receiver. Such buttons are connected to a transmitter encoder capable of providing a signal whose frequency is dependent upon the desired function, such encoder output being amplified and applied to an ultrasonic transducer or transmitter of other skilled art for generating the ultrasonic waves by which the function control signal is transmitted to the remote adaptor.
This invention relates to an apparatus and method by means of which standard television receivers can be utilized as active rather than passive instruments. This is accomplished in certain embodiments by having participants manipulate controls of a control unit connected to the television receiver to cause a symbol, such as a rectangle, circle, ring, star, cross, spot or a plurality of spots, to be displayed upon the television screen by means of which the participants can play a variety of games, participate in simulated training programs, as well as carry out other activities. By way of example, modified versions of the well-known game of ping-pong may be played by two participants by physically or electronically placing an appropriate mask representing the net upon the screen of the television receiver. Three displayed spots represent two paddles and a ball wherein the ball is moved in a particular direction when "hit" by a paddle. Apparatus for playing a combat type game on the screen of a television receiver is disclosed comprising circuitry for generating a target on the screen player movable in its horizontal and vertical positions, circuitry means for generating a projectile on the screen which is player controllable in its vertical position but which executes a trajectory having a preset horizontal component, and circuitry for extinguishing the target when the target and projectile are sufficiently close to indicate a "hit."
Typical games employing this feature would be Ping-pong, baseball,
tennis, handball, basketball, billiards and the like. In this first
category of "rebound" games a ball dot and two player dots are generated
on the screen with the two player dots being individually controllable
in their horizontal and vertical location by the game participants and
the ball dot executing a horizontal sweep across the screen of the
receiver unless it is intercepted by a player dot in which case the ball
reverses and sweeps toward the direction from which it was coming. If
the ball is not intercepted it will move to an off screen position until
reset by one of the players. The player control units may also include a
so-called "english" control which allows the player to control the
vertical position of the ball during its pass across the screen if the
ball is going away from that player's dot location. In other words, one
player controls the english (vertical component) of the ball when the
ball is moving from left to right, and the other player may control its
english when the ball is moving from right to left. 
Heretofore, color and monochrome television receivers have been used generally by the home and other viewers as passive devices; i.e., the television receiver is used only as a display means for programming originating at a studio. The viewer is limited to selecting the presentations available for viewing and is not a participant to the extent that he can control or influence the nature of, or add to the presentation displayed on the receiver screen. The connecting means couples the video signals to the receiver antenna terminals thereby using existing electronic circuits within the receiver to process and display the signals. An overlay mask which may be removably attached to the television screen may determine the nature of the game to be played. Control units may be provided for each of the participants.
A standard receiver employed with auxiliary equipment to provide an active form of home entertainment is since most homes are equipped with television receivers, the only expense required to provide added family enjoyment is the expense of a control unit of one type or another. Apparatus and methods are herein disclosed for use in conjunction with standard monochrome and color television receivers, for the generation, display and manipulation of symbols or geometric figures upon the screen of the television receivers for the purpose of playing games.
It has Potentiometric manual tuning search for each program.
The mechanical turret approach to television tuning has been used almost exclusively for the past 60 years. Even though replete with the inherent disadvantages of mechanical complexity, unreliability and cost, such apparatus has been technically capable of performing its intended function and as a result the consumer has had to bear the burdens associated with the device. However, with the " recent " Broadcast demands for parity of tuning for UHF and VHF channels, the increasing number of UHF and cable TV stations have imposed new tuning performance requirements which severely tax the capability of the mechanical turret tuner. Consequently, attempts are now being made to provide all electronic tuning to meet the new requirements.
The invention relates to a tuning unit with bandswitch for high
frequency receivers, especially radio and television receivers, having a
potentiometer system for the control of capacity diodes, the said
potentiometer system consisting of a plurality of parallel resistance
paths along which wiper contacts can be driven by means of screw
spindles disposed adjacent one another in a common insulating material
housing in which a bandswitch formed of metal rods is associated with
each tuning spindle.In these tuning units, the working voltages of the capacity diodes in the tuning circuits are recorded once a precise tuning to the desired frequency has been performed. A potentiometer tuning system has great advantages over the formerly used channel selectors operating with mechanically adjustable capacitors (tuning condensers) or mechanically adjustable inductances (variometers), mainly because it is not required to have such great precision in its tuning mechanism.
Tuning units with bandswitches formed of variable resistances and combined with interlocking pushbuttons controlling the supply of recorded working voltages to capacity diodes are known. Channel selection is accomplished by depressing the knobs, and the tuning or fine tuning are performed by turning the knobs. The resistances serving as voltage dividers in these tuning units are combined into a component unit such that they are in the form of a ladderlike pattern on a common insulating plate forming the cover of the housing in which the tuning spindles and wiper contacts corresponding to the variable resistances are housed. The number of resistances corresponds to the number of channels or frequencies which are to be recorded. The wiper contact picks up a voltage which, when applied to the capacity diodes determines their capacitance and hence the frequency of the corresponding oscillating circuit. The adjustment of the wipers is performed by turning the tuning spindle coupled to the tuning knob. By the depression of a button the electrical connection between a contact rod and a tuning spindle is brought about and thus the selected voltage is applied to the capacity diodes. Since the push buttons release one another, it is possible simply by depressing another button to tune to a different receiving frequency or a different channel, as the case may be.
For many years, mechanical turret tuners have been commonly employed in television receivers to select the VHF channels and a second rotary or continuous tuner has been used to select the UHF channels. For most television receivers, this requires two different channel selection knobs; and the tuners themselves are relatively bulky and require a relatively large amount of space within the television receiver cabinet. Because of the nature of these tuners, it also is necessary to locate them directly behind the front level panel of the receiver, which imposes significant restrictions on the cabinet design and the arrangement of parts within the cabinet, reducing the flexibility of design which would be possible if such tuners could be eliminated.
Some mechanical tuners are equipped with programmable switches to permit them to be used to select either a UHF or a VHF channel at a tuner position by programming the tuner for the local area where the television receiver is to be used. The disadvantages of the cumbersome mechanical tuners, however, are not overcome. Instead, the tuner is made even more complicated by such an arrangement.
It is desirable, and in the U.S./Europe it was necessary, to effect selection of the UHF and VHF channels in a comparable manner. When such tuning compatibility is imposed, significant problems are encountered in providing a mechanical turret-type tuner having detented positions for all of the possible UHF channels which must be accommodated for television receivers capable of operating in any given locality in which the receiver is capable of receiving transmitted television signals. UHF turret tuners with detent tuning selection for each of the 70 possible UHF channels are difficult and expensive to manufacture, and even the display of all of the UHF channel numbers in a manner which is compatible with the display for the much smaller number of VHF channels is difficult to accomplish.
The introduction of voltage-variable capacitor or varactor tuners for the VHF and UHF bands to which a television receiver can be tuned has opened the way for electronic tuning of television receivers. This replaces the cumbersome mechanical turret tuners and allows greater flexibility in the design of the channel selection panel and in the location of tuner parts within the receiver cabinet. Even so, if the receiver is to be made capable of individual selection of any one of the 70 UHF channels in addition to the VHF channels, it has been necessary to provide a large number of individual tuning components. For example, in many prior art electronic tuner control circuits, it has been necessary to provide a separate tuning potentiometer for each of the 70 UHF channels if full capability of UHF channel selection is desired. This results in a relatively expensive tuner configuration requiring a large number of parts.
Moreover, using this arrangement, the only indication--during adjustment--of which channel is selected is by station identification.
Was first and last ITT(SEL) color television set using a special version of the "VIDOM CHASSIS" featuring a Horizontal deflection stage with Thyristors circuits.
- Horizontal Beam Deflection and high voltage generating circuits realized with Thyristors circuits.
ation
in the ITT circuit. however is the use of thyristors in the line
timebase (see Fig. 3). This type of circuit was originated by RCA in
America and has been successfully used in over half a million RCA colour
sets since 1968. The great advantages of the circuit are its relative
simplicity (for a 110° timebase), its efficiency and reliability
thyristors as used in this circuit are immune to picture tube flashover
and to almost any fault condition which might occur (such as
short-circuited scan coils). Receiver manufacturers are thus faced with
two basic alternatives and the final decision will take into account
simplicity, reliability and cost. At first sight the ITT circuit appears
to be the more attractive proposition but it must be pointed out that
the narrow - neck tube is not entirely proven and due to the
miniaturisation of the electron -gun assembly there may be cause to
suspect its reliability. Nonetheless it seems likely that thyristors
will be widely used in both colour and monochrome timebases in the years
to come so it is worthwhile understanding how they work.
The massive demand for colour television receivers in Europe/Germany
in the 70's brought about an influx of sets from the continent. Many of
these use the thin -neck (29mm) type of 110° shadowmask tube and the
Philips 20AX CRT Tube, plus the already Delta Gun CRT .
Scanning
of these tubes is accomplished by means of a toroidally wound
deflection yoke (conventional 90° and thick -neck 110° tubes operate
with
saddle -wound deflection coils). The inductance of a toroidal yoke is
very much less than that of a saddle -wound yoke, thus higher scan currents are required.
The deflection current necessary for the line scan is about 12A peak
-to -peak. This could be provided by a transistor line output stage but a
current step-up transformer, which is bulky and both difficult and
costly to manufacture, would be required.
An entirely different
approach, pioneered by RCA in America and developed by them and by ITT
(SEL) in Germany, is the thyristor line output stage. In this system the
scanning current is provided via two thyristors and two switching diodes
which due to their characteristics can supply the deflection yoke
without a step-up transformer (a small transformer is still required to
obtain the input voltage pulse for the e.h.t. tripler). The purpose of
this article is to explain the basic operation of such circuits. The
thyristor line output circuit offers high reliability since all
switching occurs at zero current level. C.R.T. flashovers, which can
produce high current surges (up to 60A), have no detrimental effects on
the switching diodes or thyristors since the forward voltage drop across
these devices is small and the duration of the current pulses short. If
a surge limiting resistor is pro- vided in the tube's final anode
circuit the peak voltages produced by flashovers seldom exceed the
normal repetitive circuit voltages by more than 50-100V. This is well
within the device ratings.
It's a very good system to use where the line scan coils require large
peak currents with only a moderate flyback voltage an intrinsic
characteristic of toroidally wound deflection coils. The basic thyristor
line output stage arrangement used in all these chassis is shown in
Fig. 1it was originally devised by RCA. Many sets fitted with 110°, narrow -neck delta -gun tubes used a thyristor line output stage - for example those in the Grundig and Saba ranges and the Finlux Peacock , Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco. The circuit continued to find favour in earlier chassis designed for use with in -line gun tubes, examples being found in the Grundig and Korting ranges - also, Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco the Rediffusion Mk. III chassis. Deflection currents of up to 13A peak -to -peak are commonly encountered with 110° tubes, with a flyback voltage of only some 600V peak to peak. The total energy requirement is of the order of 6mJ, which is 50 per cent higher than modern 110° tubes of the 30AX and S4 variety with their saddle -wound line scan coils. The only problem with this type of circuit is the large amount of energy that shuttles back and forth at line frequency. This places a heavy stress on certain components. Circuit losses produce quite high temperatures, which are concentrated at certain points, in particular the commutating combi coil. This leads to deterioration of the soldered joints around the coil, a common cause of failure. This can hav
e
a cumulative effect, a high resistance joint increasing the local
heating until the joint becomes well and truly dry -a classic symptom
with some Grundig / Emerson sets. The wound components themselves can be
a source of trouble, due to losses - particularly the combi coil and
the regulating transductor. Later chassis are less prone to this sort of
thing, partly because of the use of later generation, higher efficiency
yokes but mainly due to more generous and better design of the wound
components. The ideal dielectric for use in the tuning capacitors is
polypropylene (either metalised or film). It's a truly won- derful
dielectric - very stable, with very small losses, and capable of
operation at high frequencies and elevated temperatures. It's also
nowadays reasonably inexpensive. Unfortunately many earlier chassis of
this type used polyester capacitors, and it's no surprise that they were
inclined to give up. When replacing the tuning capacitors in a
thyristor line output stage it's essential to use polypropylene types -a
good range of axial components with values ranging from 0.001µF to
047µF is available from RS Components, enabling even non-standard values
to be made up from an appropriate combination. Using polypropylene
capacitors in place of polyester ones will not only ensure capacitor
reliability but will also lower the stress on other components by
reducing the circuit losses (and hence power consumption).Numerous circuit designs for completely transistorized television receivers either have been incorporated in commercially available receivers or have been described in detail in various technical publications. One of the most troublesome areas in such transistor receivers, from the point of View of reliability and economy, lies in the horizontal deflection circuits.
As an attempt to avoid the voltage and current limitations of transistor deflection circuits, a number of circuits have been proposed utilizing the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a semiconductor device capable of handling substantially higher currents and voltages than transistors.
The circuit utilizes two bi-directionally conductive switching means which serve respectively as trace and commutating switches. Particularly, each of the switching means comprises the parallel combination of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and a diode. The commutating switch is triggered on shortly before the desired beginning of retrace and, in conjunction with a resonant commutating circuit having an inductor and two capacitors, serves to turn off the trace switch to initiate retrace. The commutating circuit is also arranged to turn oft the commutating SCR before the end of retrace.
ALL colour television receivers in yr 1971's production in the European continent were employing a shadowmask tube with a deflection angle of 90°. The manufacturers of colour tubes have however in their wisdom decided to develop 110 tubes, on the grounds that the increase in complexity of the scanning requirements for such tubes is more than justified by the resultant saving in cabinet depth even though this saving is only of the order of a few inches. It is of increase in the deflection angle will make the precise control of the three electron beams more difficult, thus increasing the scanning, convergence, purity and focusing errors. To add to the general confusion in this field at present there are two different 110' systems, backed by Philips and ITT respectively, which are contending for the grand prize of acceptance by the receiver manufacturers.
The loser in this contest will be in a sorry state indeed. Philips are advocating the use of a wide neck 110' tube ("wide neck" in this connection means that the tube neck and the electron gun dimensions are the same as in a 90° tube) with saddle yoke scan coils and a single transistor line output stage. This system suffers from several disadvantages. The saddle yoke scan coils are of the type used in monochrome receivers. with the windings "flared" up the bowl of the tube and therefore not likely to give very precise scanning. Due to the design of the tube and the scan coils highly complex dynamic convergence circuitry was required : while a few potentiometers and variable inductors are sufficient to achieve convergence on a 90' tube, on this thick -neck
type of 110 ° tube it is necessary to incorporate transistors in the convergence circuitry and extra controls for corner convergence. Furthermore the potential required to focus the tube varies considerably over the scanning range so that dynamic focus circuitry is necessary imagine the problems involved in varying the 5kV focus potential at line rate! The desirable feature of the Philips 110° time base circuitry was the simplicity of the line output stage which employs a single transistor and is said to be more reliable than earlier two -transistor circuits. ITT's approach to the problem was altogether different and was shown in earlier apparates. A narrow neck 110° tube is used (type A51 -190X), the neck of this being little larger than that of a conventional 100° monochrome tube. Miniature, closely spaced electron guns are incorporated in this and thus the three electron beams are closer together from the very start and require less convergence in fact a relatively simple passive convergence circuit can be used. To ensure that the scanning is precisely controlled a new type of deflection yoke is employed. The construction of this is toroidal (see Fig. 1) and both the line and field coils are similarly wound on it. At first sight the ITT circuit appears to be the more attractive proposition but it must be pointed out that the narrow neck tube was not entirely proven and due to the miniaturisation of the electron -gun assembly there may be cause to suspect its reliability (indeed).
Nonetheless it seems likely that thyristors will be widely used in both colour and monochrome timebases in the further 70's years so it is worthwhile understanding how they work under the obsolete technology aspect ; see above.
The set is build with a Modular chassis design because as modern television receivers become more complex the problem of
repairing the receiver becomes more difficult. As the number of
components used in the television receiver increases the susceptibility
to breakdown increases and it becomes more difficult to replace
defective components as they are more closely spaced. The problem has
become even more complicated with the increasing number of color
television receivers in use. A color television receiver has a larger
number of circuits of a higher degree of complexity than the black and
white receiver and further a more highly trained serviceman is required
to properly service the color television receiver. Fortunately for the service problem to date, most failures occur in the vacuum tubes used in the television receivers. A faulty or inoperative vacuum tube is relatively easy to find and replace. However, where the television receiver malfunction is caused by the failure of other components, such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, it is harder to isolate the defective component and a higher degree of skill on the part of the serviceman is required.
Even with the great majority of the color television receiver malfunctions being of the "easy to find and repair" type proper servicing of color sets has been difficult to obtain due to the shortage of trained serviceman.
At the present time advances in the state of the semiconductor art have led to the increasing use of transistors in color television receivers. The receiver described in this application has only two tubes, the picture tube and the high voltage rectifier tube, all the other active components in the receiver being semiconductors.
One important characteristic of a semiconductor device is its extreme reliability in comparison with the vacuum tube. The number of transistor and integrated circuit failures in the television receiver will be very low in comparison with the failures of other components, the reverse of what is true in present day color television receivers. Thus most failures in future television receivers will be of the hard to service type and will require more highly qualified servicemen.
The primary symptoms of a television receiver malfunction are shown on the picture tube of the television receiver while the components causing the malfunction are located within the cabinet. Also many adjustments to the receiver require the serviceman to observe the screen. Thus the serviceman must use unsatisfactory mirror arrangements to remove the electronic chassis from the cabinet, usually a very difficult task. Further many components are "buried" in a maze of circuitry and other components so that they are difficult to remove and replace without damage to other components in the receiver.
Repairing a modern color television receiver often requires that the receiver be removed from the home and carried to a repair shop where it may remain for many weeks. This is an expensive undertaking since most receivers are bulky and heavy enough to require at least two persons to carry them. Further, two trips must be made to the home, one to pick up the receiver and one to deliver it. For these reasons, the cost of maintaining the color television receiver in operating condition often exceeds the initial cost of the receiver and is an important factor in determining whether a receiver will be purchased.
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the main electronic chassis is easily accessible for maintenance and adjustment. Another object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the electronic circuits are divided into a plurality of modules with the modules easily removable for service and maintenance. The main electronic chassis is slidably mounted within the cabinet so that it may be withdrawn, in the same manner as a drawer, to expose the electronic circuitry therein for maintenance and adjustment from the rear closure panel after easy removal. Another aspect is the capability to be serviced at eventually the home of the owner.
The set was running warm and was a discrete power consumer for a 20".
NOTE: The model here in collection has a very uncommon program change respect to standard model, see advert photo.
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An Increasingly Versatile Device The domestic television set used to be simply the thing that reproduced the programmes transmitted by one or other of the three programme networks unless you happened to be connected to one of the wire systems that have experimented with local TV and pay TV at various times. But have you noticed what an increasingly versatile thing the TV set is becoming?
- The first major extension to the domestic TV set's possibilities came with the VCR, enabling you to record off air or replay prerecorded tapes. Domestic VTR systems have at a price been with us for roughly a decade now, but till the advent of the easy to handle VCR most low-cost VTR systems were intended for use with monitors, with the signal interconnections at video and audio frequencies.
- Then came TV games, first found in the pubs and amusement arcades, later appearing in compact, relatively inexpensive packages for home use. The significant point here was the entry of digital techniques on the domestic TV scene. On the broadcast side, digital techniques had been making a substantial contribution to operations for some years, starting with the BBC's sound-in-syncs system (1969) in which the TV sound signal is compressed, converted to digital form and inserted in the line sync pulse period, and culminating with the IBA's famed DICE, which provides electronic standards (lines, fields, colour) conversion by converting the signals to digital form, processing them, then converting them back into analogue form.
Rather far from TV games you might think, but it's all part of the same process - the increasing impact of digital techniques on the world of television. In fact the technology of TV games has evolved considerably since their first appearance.
The approach then was to employ a fair number of standard digital i.c.s to build up the circuitry required. But why not go about it in the same way as the calculator manufacturers?
It didn't take long for the semiconductor people to see this new possibility for using their l.s.i. technology. This made it a relatively simple matter to provide a range of games with just a single i.c. the basis of the present generation of TV games.
Add a second i.c. and the whole thing comes up in glorious colour. But it doesn't end there. The talk was now is of adopting microprocessor technology and making the system programmable, so that an almost unlimited range of games of varying degrees of complexity can be played. The favoured system seems to been to use prerecorded cassettes to provide the various programmes. And once you do that, you can extend the system to all sorts of other uses - teaching systems and so on. In fact you've made the TV set into part of a home computer installation - as we outlined in Teletopics last month. It's not impossible then to imagine some "viewers" using their TV sets for games, instruction and VCR use, while keeping up to date with teletext news and getting extra information via the PO's Viewdata system - and never watching a transmitted programme at all! We've come a long way then from the days of the TV set as a goggle
(goggle ????? or gooooooooooogle).................. box.
Teletext decoders and TV games were already being built into a few sets. What other digital innovations can we expect in TV sets? (may be DVB)
One now well established use of digital techniques is to provide all electronic channel selection.
The varicap tuner simply asks to be controlled in this way, and the system lends itself readily to remote control operation. Once you're controlling the tuner and generating various signals digitally there are other things you might as well do. Like flashing the selected channel number on the screen, or the time (coming shortly in Television!). Sets which do this sort of thing have been available on the Continent for some while now.
- The latest development along these lines is the picture within a picture a reduced size picture from another channel being inserted in the corner of the main display (PIP), so that you can watch two progrpnmes at once or see when to change over to a programme due to start on another channel. This involves some interesting digital processes - you've got to lose lines, and compact the video information by reading it into a memory at one speed and reading it out at another, in effect operating at two standards simultaneously while keeping both in sync (remember how difficult it has sometimes been to keep a set in sync on one standard!).
- There's only one thing that prevents a space-age TV installation in every home: cost.
But the cost of electronic hardware has a habit of falling dramatically once production has achieved a certain level. TV games are already commonplace, and teletext decoders have become a lot cheaper once specialised i.c. modules for the purpose go into large scale production. From this point in time, it already seems that one can regard the days when the TV set simply displayed one of the programmes available as the age of stream TV.
....................................But we all know how it ended !
.........................1967-1977 10 YEARS of color engineering, industrial, administrative and political factors all became hopelessly intertwined in the long but eventually unsuccessful attempt to establish a single colour - encoding system for Europe. From 1962-67 the struggle oscillated wildly between the three main systems - the American NTSC, the French SEC AM and the German PAL. There were also many variations within the SECAM and PAL systems, plus some outsiders such as NIIR, FAM, TSC, SEQUIN, LEP, and counter ideas such as the Post Office's pilot -tone reference system for NTSC, suggested by Dr N. W. J. Lewis in 1964. In February 1965 the official European delegation went to the CCIR Study Group XI meetings at Vienna firmly committed to support NTSC - yet before the end of that year it had swung over equally firmly to support PAL. Indeed for much of 1964 and 1965 the only public support in the Europeans for either PAL or SECAM came from a few technical journalists and the small engineering team at ABC, Teddington. At that period the British industry, through BREMA, was solidly behind NTSC. The BBC's then Director of Engineering, Sir Francis McLean, wrote in March 1965 that "the NTSC system is much to be preferred". The PMG made a statement in the House of Commons on February 3, 1965 in favour of NTSC. Yet today almost everyone in British broadcasting circles sincerely believes that the European made the right choice in opting for PAL. Even in the United States, the birthplace of NTSC, one finds a belief that European television benefits from having chosen PAL or SECAM, though clearly many of the original problems in handling and, particularly, in tape recording NTSC have now been largely overcome. Why did it take skilled engineers and administrators so long to come to what, with hindsight, may seem the obvious choice? And why we were still left with all three systems in general use?
Started in 1921 by Georg von Schaub as Schaub-Elektrizitätsgesellschaft and was located in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, Germany, originally manufacturing various electric equipment but entered the radio receiver market in 1923. The name of the company was changed to G. Schaub Apparatebau Gesellschaft GmbH in 1925 but continue
d to use plain Schaub as it's trademark and it became one of the better known manufacturers of radios in central Europe. Moved to Pforzheim-Dillweissenstein in 1934 and was taken over by C. Lorenz in 1940 although the company operated mostly independently until the early 50's. Restarted production of loudspeakers and receivers in 1946 or as soon as the occupation forces allowed and sold consumer products initially as Schaub and as later as Schaub-Lorenz, all manufacture of Lorenz CE products was actually handed over to the company in 1950 due to the blockade of Berlin by the Soviet occupation forces, the Schaub company was finally merged with the rest of the C. Lorenz companies in 1958 although the name was used at the least partially up until the sale of the Lorenz consumer division to Nokia in 1988.One side Note:
The advert says "ITT Technik der Welt" (ITT the world Technology) indeed the contribution given by these organizations toghether the products of them increased man's life quality on certains aspects, so no surprises if today quality is heavily lowered by chinese market, because anyway at the end it's a man choice.
ITT Corporation (NYSE: ITT) is a global diversified manufacturing company with 2008 revenues of $11.7 billion. ITT participates in global markets including water and fluids management, defense and security, and motion and flow control. Forbes.com named ITT Corporation to its list of "America's Best Managed Companies" for 2008, and awarded the company the top spot in the conglomerates category.
,ITT's water business is the world's largest supplier of pumps and systems to transport, treat and control water, and other fluids. The company's defense electronics and services business is one of the ten largest US defense contractors providing defense and security systems, advanced technologies and operational services for military and civilian customers. ITT's motion and flow control business manufactures specialty components for aerospace, transportation and industrial markets.
In 2008, ITT was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI World) for the tenth time in recognition of the company's economic, environmental and social performance. ITT is one of the few companies to be included on the list every year since its inception in 1999.
The company was founded in 1920 as International Telephone & Telegraph. During the 1960s and 1970s, under the leadership of its CEO Harold Geneen the company rose to prominence as the archetypal conglomerate, deriving its growth from hundreds of acquisitions in diversified industries. ITT divested its telecommunications assets in 1986, and in 1995 spun off its non-manufacturing divisions, later to be purchased by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide.
In 1996, the company became ITT Industries, Inc., but changed its name back to ITT Corporation in 2006.
History
ITT was formed in 1920, created from the Puerto Rico Telephone Company co-founded by Sosthenes Behn.[1] Its first major expansion was in 1923 when it consolidated the Spanish Telecoms market into what is now Telefónica.[2] From 1922 to 1925 it purchased a number of European telephone companies. In 1925 it purchased the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company of Brussels, Belgium, which was formerly affiliated with AT&T, and manufactured rotary system switching equipment. In the 1930s, ITT grew through purchasing German electronic companies Standard Elektrizitaetsgesellschaft (SEG) and Mix & Genest, both of which were internationally active companies. Its only serious rival was the Theodore Gary & Company conglomerate, which operated a subsidiary, Associated Telephone and Telegraph, with manufacturing plants in Europe.
In the United States, ITT acquired the various companies of the Mackay Companies in 1928 through a specially organized subsidiary corporation, Postal Telegraph & Cable. These companies included the Commercial Cable Company, the Commercial Pacific Cable Company, Postal Telegraph, and the Federal Telegraph Company.
International telecommunications
International telecommunications manufacturing subsidiaries included STC in Australia and Britain, SEL in Germany, BTM in Belgium, and CGCT and LMT in France. Alec Reeves invented Pulse-code modulation (PCM), upon which future digital voice communication was based. These companies manufactured equipment according to ITT designs including the (1960s) Pentaconta crossbar switch and (1970s) Metaconta D, L and 10c Stored Program Control exchanges, mostly for sale to their respective national telephone administrations. This equipment was also produced under license in Poznań (Poland), and in Yugoslavia, and elsewhere. ITT was the largest owner of the LM Ericsson company in Sweden but sold out in 1960.
1989 breakup
In 1989 ITT sold its international telecommunications product businesses to Alcatel, now Alcatel-Lucent. ITT Kellogg was also part of the 1989 sale to Alcatel. The company was then sold to private investors in the U.S. and went by the name Cortelco Kellogg. Today the company is known as Cortelco (Corinth Telecommunications Corporation, named for Corinth, MS headquarters). ITT Educational Services, Inc. (ESI) was spun off through an IPO in 1994, with ITT as an 83% shareholder. ITT merged its long distance division with Metromedia Long Distance, creating Metromedia-ITT. Metromedia-ITT would eventually be acquired by Long Distance Discount Services, Inc. (LDDS) in 1993. LDDS would later change its name to Worldcom in 1995.
In 1995, ITT Corporation split into 3 separate public companies:
* ITT Corp. — In 1997, ITT Corp. completed a merger with Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, selling off its non-hotel and resorts business. By 1999, ITT completely divested from ITT/ESI; however, the schools still operate as ITT Technical Institute using the ITT name under license.[1] Also in 1999, ITT Corp. dropped the ITT name in favor of Starwood.[7]
* ITT Hartford (insurance) — Today ITT Hartford is still a major insurance company although it has dropped the ITT from its name altogether. The company is now known as The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.
* ITT Industries — ITT operated under this name until 2006 and is a major manufacturing and defense contractor business.
o On July 1, 2006, ITT Industries changed its name to ITT Corporation as a result of its shareholders vote on May 9, 2006.
Purchase of International Motion Control (IMC)
An agreement was reached on June 26, 2007 for ITT to acquire privately held International Motion Control (IMC) for $395 million. The deal was closed and finalized in September 2007. An announcement was made September 14, 2010, to close the Cleveland site.
Purchase of EDO
An agreement was reached September 18, 2007 for ITT to buy EDO Corporation for $1.7 billion.[12] After EDO shareholders' approval, the deal was closed and finalized on December 20, 2007.
Purchase of Laing
On April 16, 2009, ITT announced it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Laing GmbH of Germany, a privately held leading producer of energy-efficient circulator pumps primarily used in residential and commercial plumbing and heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
2011 breakup
On January 12, 2011, ITT announced a transformation to separate the company into 3, stand-alone, publicly-traded, and independent companies.
HISTORY OF Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG IN GERMAN:
Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG (heute Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG) ist ein Unternehmen der Nachrichtentechnik (früherer Slogan: SEL – Die ganze Nachrichtentechnik) mit Hauptsitz in Stuttgart. Zur Nachrichtentechnik zählen auch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik, Telekommunikationstechnik (SEL war für die Röchelschaltung bekannt) und früher Fernmeldetechnik oder Schwachstromtechnik. Einen weiteren Geschäftsbereich hatte das Unternehmen in der Bahnsicherungstechnik, so wurden für die Deutsche Bundesbahn Relaisstellwerke und elektronische Stellwerke mit den dazugehörigen Außenanlagen (Signale, Gleisfreimeldeanlagen, Weichenantriebe) sowie die Linienzugbeeinflussung entwickelt und gebaut, welche auch bei ausländischen Bahnen Abnehmer fanden. Der Bereich gehört seit 2007 als Thales Transportation Systems GmbH (seit 02.2011 vorher Thales Ra
il Signalling Solutions GmbH) zum Thales-Konzern. Die bereits 1998 ausgegliederten Bereiche Alcatel Air Navigation Systems und SEL Verteidigungssysteme sind ebenfalls heute in Thales Deutschland beheimatet.[1]Fernseher Illustraphon 743 von 1957
„Goldsuper Stereo 20“ (1961)
Das Flaggschiff der erfolgreichen Schaub-Lorenz Kofferradios der sechziger Jahre: Touring 70 Universal
Erster Digitalfernseher der Welt (1983)
Bis 1987 gehörte SEL zusammen mit anderen auf dem Sektor Telekommunikation in anderen Ländern tätigen Schwesterfirmen zum US-amerikanischen Mischkonzern International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT). ITT verkaufte die Aktien-Mehrheit an den ITT-Telekommunikationsfirmen an die französische Compagnie Générale d’Electricité (CGE), die nach der Zusammenfassung mit den eigenen Telekommunikationsaktivitäten daraus die Alcatel N.V. bildete.
Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG wurde 1993 in Alcatel SEL AG umbenannt. Die Aktienmehrheit liegt mit über 99 % bei der Alcatel. Mit der Fusion von Alcatel und Lucent zu Alcatel-Lucent am 1. Dezember 2006 und der Neu-Firmierung beider Unternehmen in Deutschland zur Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG entfiel der Zusatz SEL.
Geschichte
Die beiden Stammfirmen des Unternehmens, die Mix & Genest AG und die Telegraphenbauanstalt von C. Lorenz, wurden 1879 bzw. 1880 gegründet. Das erste Patent von Mix & Genest datiert von 1883, das erste Patent von C. Lorenz ist aus dem Jahr 1902.
Das Unternehmen Mix & Genest war wesentlicher Teil der Standard Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (SEG), in die auch die Süddeutsche Apparatefabrik (SAF), die 1875 von F. Heller als "Friedrich Heller, Fabrik Elektrotechnischer Apparate" gegründet wurde, integriert wurde. Der technische Schwerpunkt von Mix & Genest bzw. SEG sowie der C. Lorenz AG war der klassischen Fernmelde- bzw. Funktechnik zuzuordnen. Die C. Lorenz AG baute in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren Großsender für den neu gegründeten Rundfunk.
1930 übernahm die International Telephone and Telegraph Company (ITT) die Aktienmehrheit der Mix & Genest AG und der C. Lorenz AG. [2]
Die C. Lorenz AG positionierte sich mit der Übernahme der G. Schaub Apparatebau-Gesellschaft mbH im Jahr 1940 in der Entwicklung und Herstellung von Rundfunkempfängern. Ab dem Jahr 1950 wurden alle Geräte bei Schaub in Pforzheim gefertigt. 1952 wurde das Typenprogramm beider Unternehmen verschmolzen und der Lorenz-Radio-Vertrieb in die Firma Schaub integriert. Ab 1955 wurden die Geräte unter dem Namen Schaub-L
orenz vertrieben.1956 wurde das Unternehmen SEG in Standard Elektrik AG umbenannt. Ebenfalls 1956 wurde ein Kabelwerk gegründet. Wesentlicher Motor für das 1957 gegründete Informatikwerk war Karl Steinbuch, der von 1948–1958 dem Unternehmen, zuletzt als Technischer Direktor und Leiter der Zentralen Forschung, angehörte.
1958 erfolgte die Vereinigung der Standard Elektrik AG mit der C. Lorenz AG zur Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG (SEL).
Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG übernahm 1961 die Graetz KG. Die Firmenteile Schaub-Lorenz und Graetz waren zusammen mit einem Bildröhrenwerk Bestandteil der Unternehmensgruppe Audio Video der SEL AG, die 1979 als Audio-Video-Elektronik in die ITT ausgegliedert wurde. Die Produkte, die unter anderem Fernsehgeräte, Radios, Autoradios, Kassettenrecorder, Weltempfänger und Lautsprecherboxen umfassen, wurden fortan unter dem Namen ITT Schaub-Lorenz vertrieben.[2]
Versuche, auf dem neuen Gebiet der Raumfahrt-Elektronik Fuß zu fassen, waren auf folgende Produkte beschränkt:
* AZUR: Telemetrie/Telekommandogeräte
* Spacelab: Datenerfassung/Kommandoterminal.
SEL entwickelte zu Beginn der 1970er Jahre das Präzisionsanflugverfahren SETAC. Dieser Unternehmensbereich wurde im Jahre 1987 von der finnischen Firma Nokia übernommen.
1976 hatte SEL ein Grundkapital von 357 Mio. DM bei 33.000 Beschäftigten und einem Umsatz von 2,6 Mrd. DM.
1983 stellte SEL auf der Internationalen Funkausstellung Berlin 1983 mit dem ITT Digivision den weltweit ersten Fernseher mit digitaler Signalverarbeitung vor.[3]
2003 wurden die Markenrechte am Namen Schaub Lorenz an die italienische General Trading SpA verkauft. Die neugegründete Schaub Lorenz International GmbH vertreibt seitdem unter dem alten Markennamen Schaub-Lorenz importierte Konsumelektronik aus dem unteren Preisbereich.
Schaub oder Lorenz, beide Firmen haben ihre Wurzeln in Berlin !
Aber zunächst zu Lorenz:
Carl Lorenz betreibt seit 1870 eine mechanische Werkstatt in Berlin und gründet 1880 eine Telegraphenbauanstalt, eine Fabrik für elektrisches Licht, elektrische Eisenbahnen, Kunst und Industrie. Robert Held erwirbt im Jahr 1890 mit 27 Jahren die Firma von der Witwe Lorenz und wandelt 1906 die gesamte Firma in die C. Lorenz AG um und befasst sich mit dem Bau von Lichtbogen Systemen zur Erzeugung ungedämpfter Schwingungen. Mit einem "Lorenz-Poulsen-Sender" strahlt die Lorenz AG 1920 erstmals von der Versuchsfunkstelle in Eberswalde Rundfunksendungen in Deutschland ab.
1923 wurden die ersten Radiogeräte und Detektorempfänger produziert.
Robert Held stirbt im Jahr 1924. Am 1. April 1926 wird die Lorenz-Radio-Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH gegründet und ein Jahr später erwirbt die Fa. Lorenz die Patente der Firma Huth in Hannover.
Nach dem Tod von Robert Held wurde 1930 die Aktienmehrheit an die Standard Elektrizitätsgesellschaft (SEG) verkauft, die dem amerikanischen Unternehmen ITT gehörte.
Im Jahr 1935 ließ Lorenz die drehbare Ferritantenne patentieren, die später in Rundfunkgeräten eingesetzt wurde.
1940 übernimmt die C. Lorenz AG die Schaub Apparatebau-Gesellschaft mbH mit Sitz in Pforzheim-Dillweißenstein.
Nun zu Schaub:
Der Erfinder und Elektropionier 1921 Georg von Schaub gründete in Berlin-Charlottenburg die „Schaub-Elektrizitätsgesellschaft“. Innerhalb von zwei Jahren wurden Detektorempfänger, zunächst noch einfachste Geräte zum Empfang von Hörfunksendungen, entwickelt und produziert.
Ab Oktober 1925 firmierte Schaub als G. Schaub Apparatebau-Gesellschaft mbH.
1928 bagann die Serienproduktion von Überlagerungsempfänger wie den „Superhet U 8“ und ab 1932 eine fortentwickelte Version des Superhets „Super 33“.
Die Firma erreichte einen Gesamtmarktanteil von 4,5 % und spielte fortan in der Liga der großen Hersteller. 1934 wechselte Schaub seinen Betriebsstandort in die aufgelassene Maschinenfabrikhalle in Pforzheim-Dillweißenstein. Die Stadt Pforzheim wurde 1936 Mitgesellschafter.
Um die Entwicklung und Herstellung von Rundfunkempfängern voranzutreiben wurde 1940
die G. Schaub Apparatebau-Gesellschaft mbH von der C. Lorenz AG übernommen.
Eine Fusion der beiden Firmen kam der Wehrmacht sehr gelegen um nun deren dringend benötigten Rüstungsgüter zu fertigen. So wurden ab 1941 keine funktechnischen Geräte mehr für den zivilen Bedarf hergestellt und die Einzelmarke Schaub ging unter.
Fortan wurden in 12 Betriebsstätten mit ca. 24.000 Mitarbeitern aussschliesslich Güter für die Rüstungsindustrie gefertigt. Ein Luftangriff auf Pforzheim am 23. Februar 1945 zerstörte den Industriestandort Dillweißenstein nahezu vollständig.
Nach Kriegsende musste das Unternehmen mit lediglich 50 Mitarbeitern den Wiederaufbau starten.
Die amerikanische Besatzungsmacht erlaubte zunächst nur Reparaturarbeiten an elektrischen Aggregaten, lockerte aber zunehmend die Voraussetzungen, und der wirtschaftliche Aufschwung lies nicht lange auf sich warten. Ab dem Jahr 1946 wurden wieder Rundfunkgeräte für den zivilen Bereich gefertigt und die Belegschaft stieg bis 1949 auf 800 Mitarbeiter.
Die Firma musste auf den restaurierten Standort Schaubs in Pforzheim ausweichen weil Lorenz in West-Berlin mit der Berlin-Blockade zu kämpfen hatte und dadurch der Güterverkehr mit den westlichen Besatzungszonen unterbrochen war.
Man entschied 1950 noch in Pforzheim zu Produzieren und die Verwaltung des Unternehmens nach Stuttgart zu verlegen. Im Juli 1950 fasst Lorenz die Rundfunkproduktion in Stuttgart zusammen.
Ab 1952 wurde das technische Typenprogramm der beiden Firmen zusamengelegt und gliederte den Gesamt-Vertrieb bei Schaub ein. 1955 wurde die Schaub Apparatebau zu einer Abteilung der C. Lorenz AG.
Mitte 1955 trugen die Geräte den Markennamen Schaub-Lorenz. Nur Kofferradios findet man bis 1957 noch unter dem Namen Lorenz.
1958 fusionierten die C. Lorenz AG und die Standard Elektrik AG, ebenfalls ein Unternehmen der Nachrichtentechnik, zur Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG (SEL), eine Tochtergesellschaft der ITT, so das die Firma nun ITT-Schaub-Lorenz hieß.
Auch der Traditionsbetrieb Graetz zählt ab 1961 mit 13 Produktionsstandorten zum Verbund der SEL-Gruppe.
1975 fährt die SEL Verluste von 16 Mio DM ein und bis zu seiner Schließung im Jahr 1978 wurde der Standort Rastatt zum zentralen Rundfunkwerk für die qualitativ hochwertigen Marken von Schaub-Lorenz und Graetz (Fernsehgeräte, Radios, Autoradios, Kassettenrecorder, Weltempfänger und Lautsprecherboxen).
1979 geht das Segment in der "ITT-Audio-Video-Elektronik" auf.
Ende 1986 wurde SEL mit der französischen Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE) und Alcatel verschmolzen.
Anfang 1988 ging die Unterhaltungs-Elektronik-Sparte an den finnischen
Telekommunikationskonzern Nokia.
Weiterführende und interessante Seiten mit Informationen zu Schaub Lorenz:
G. Schaub bei Wikipedia
C. Lorenz AG bei Wikipedia
ITT Corporation bei Wikipedia
Geschichte der Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland
Privatsammlung von Ralf Kläs "Antik-Radio"
| Carl Lorenz |
* 6. Juli 1844 in Hannover; † 20. Dezember 1889 in Berlin Carl Lorenz war ein deutscher Techniker, Erfinder und Industrieller. Leben:
|
Die C. Lorenz AG war ein deutsches Unternehmen mit Sitz in Berlin. Geschichte:
|
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Some of References
- "Fifty Years of the C. Lorenz Company, 1880-1930" Smithsonian Institution Libraries Trade Literature Collection
"History of the radio manufacturer Lorenz"
Sutton, Antony C., "I.T.T. Works Both Sides of the War", Ch. 5 in Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler, Studies in Reformed Theology, 2000’ http://reformed-theology.org/html/books/wall_street/index.html
Leidig, Ludwig. Bombshell. sbpra 2013. ISBN 978-1-62516-346-2
Sampson, Anthony; The Sovereign State: The Secret History of ITT; Hodder and Stoughton, 1973; ISBN 0-340-17195-2
"Report on C. Lorenz A.G.", Combined Intelligence Objective Sub-committee G-2 Division, H.M. Stationery Office, May 1945;
"Lorenz", in Vintage Radio
""ITT's History in Consumer Electronics"". Archived from the original on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
Bauer, A. O.; "Receiver and Transmitter in Germany 1920-1945" Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, Proceedings, IEE Int’l Conf. on 100 Years of Radio, Sept 1994, pp. 78-79;
Klawitter, Gerd; 100 Years of Wireless Technology in Germany, Vol. 2, Science and Technology, Berlin, pp. 85-96, 2002 (in German); ISBN 3-896-855-115
"Schaub-Lorenz DKE (1938)"
"History of Radio Flight Navigation Systems," including Memoirs of Dr. E. Kramer; http://www.radarworld.org/flightnav.pdf
Greg Goebel; "Battle of the Beams"
Watson, Raymond C., Jr.; Radar Origins Worldwide, Trafford Publishing. 2009, pp. 243-247; ISBN 978-1-4269-2110-0 (Soft), 978-4269-2111-7 (Hard)
"C. Lorenz Akliengesellschaft"; http://www.teleprinter.net/english/inhalt/t2.shtml
Churchhouse, Robert; Codes and Ciphers: Julius Caesar, the Enigma and the Internet, Cambridge University Press, 2002; ISBN 978-0-521-00890-7
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This ITT SCHAUB LORENZ IDEAL COLOR OSCAR 16 from 1977 is the exact tv set my neighbour had in the 1980s! The one shown here was produced for the Belgian market. Hence the pre-set B1-B2-B3-B4 (2x2 Belgian networks), F1-F2-F3 (3 French channels), D1-D2-D3 (Germany), E1-E2-E3 (BBC and ITV) and L1 (RTL Luxembourg) buttons, as cable television made these channels available to almost all of Belgium by the end of the 1970s.
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