Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!

Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!

In Brief: On this site you will find pictures and information about some of the electronic, electrical and electrotechnical Obsolete technology relics that the Frank Sharp Private museum has accumulated over the years .
Premise: There are lots of vintage electrical and electronic items that have not survived well or even completely disappeared and forgotten.

Or are not being collected nowadays in proportion to their significance or prevalence in their heyday, this is bad and the main part of the death land. The heavy, ugly sarcophagus; models with few endearing qualities, devices that have some over-riding disadvantage to ownership such as heavy weight,toxicity or inflated value when dismantled, tend to be under-represented by all but the most comprehensive collections and museums. They get relegated to the bottom of the wants list, derided as 'more trouble than they are worth', or just forgotten entirely. As a result, I started to notice gaps in the current representation of the history of electronic and electrical technology to the interested member of the public.

Following this idea around a bit, convinced me that a collection of the peculiar alone could not hope to survive on its own merits, but a museum that gave equal display space to the popular and the unpopular, would bring things to the attention of the average person that he has previously passed by or been shielded from. It's a matter of culture. From this, the Obsolete Technology Tellye Web Museum concept developed and all my other things too. It's an open platform for all electrical Electronic TV technology to have its few, but NOT last, moments of fame in a working, hand-on environment. We'll never own Colossus or Faraday's first transformer, but I can show things that you can't see at the Science Museum, and let you play with things that the Smithsonian can't allow people to touch, because my remit is different.

There was a society once that was the polar opposite of our disposable, junk society. A whole nation was built on the idea of placing quality before quantity in all things. The goal was not “more and newer,” but “better and higher" .This attitude was reflected not only in the manufacturing of material goods, but also in the realms of art and architecture, as well as in the social fabric of everyday life. The goal was for each new cohort of children to stand on a higher level than the preceding cohort: they were to be healthier, stronger, more intelligent, and more vibrant in every way.

The society that prioritized human, social and material quality is a Winner. Truly, it is the high point of all Western civilization. Consequently, its defeat meant the defeat of civilization itself.

Today, the West is headed for the abyss. For the ultimate fate of our disposable society is for that society itself to be disposed of. And this will happen sooner, rather than later.

OLD, but ORIGINAL, Well made, Funny, Not remotely controlled............. and not Made in CHINA.

How to use the site:
- If you landed here via any Search Engine, you will get what you searched for and you can search more using the search this blog feature provided by Google. You can visit more posts scrolling the left blog archive of all posts of the month/year,
or you can click on the main photo-page to start from the main page. Doing so it starts from the most recent post to the older post simple clicking on the Older Post button on the bottom of each page after reading , post after post.

You can even visit all posts, time to time, when reaching the bottom end of each page and click on the Older Post button.

- If you arrived here at the main page via bookmark you can visit all the site scrolling the left blog archive of all posts of the month/year pointing were you want , or more simple You can even visit all blog posts, from newer to older, clicking at the end of each bottom page on the Older Post button.
So you can see all the blog/site content surfing all pages in it.

- The search this blog feature provided by Google is a real search engine. If you're pointing particular things it will search IT for you; or you can place a brand name in the search query at your choice and visit all results page by page. It's useful since the content of the site is very large.

Note that if you don't find what you searched for, try it after a period of time; the site is a never ending job !

Every CRT Television saved let revive knowledge, thoughts, moments of the past life which will never return again.........

Many contemporary "televisions" (more correctly named as displays) would not have this level of staying power, many would ware out or require major services within just five years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of planned obsolescence where components are deliberately designed to fail and, or manufactured with limited edition specificities..... and without considering........picture......sound........quality........
..............The bitterness of poor quality is remembered long after the sweetness of todays funny gadgets low price has faded from memory........ . . . . . .....
Don't forget the past, the end of the world is upon us! Pretty soon it will all turn to dust!

Have big FUN ! !
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©2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Frank Sharp - You do not have permission to copy photos and words from this blog, and any content may be never used it for auctions or commercial purposes, however feel free to post anything you see here with a courtesy link back, btw a link to the original post here , is mandatory.
All sets and apparates appearing here are property of Engineer Frank Sharp. NOTHING HERE IS FOR SALE !
All posts are presented here for informative, historical and educative purposes as applicable within Fair Use.


Saturday, January 21, 2012

SABA ULTRACOLOR PRO 6773 TELECOMMANDER-L YEAR 1975.








THE SABA ULTRACOLOR PRO 6773 TELECOMMANDER-L Is a 27 inches (67cm) color television with 16 programs preselection and ultrasonic remote control.

The SABA ULTRACOLOR  PRO 6773 TELECOMMANDER-L  was FIRST SABA with a UNILINE CRT TUBE type in 1975 .
An in-line electron gun is one designed to generate or initiate at least two, and preferably three, electron beams in a common plane, for example, by at least two cathodes, and direct those beams along convergent paths in that plane to a point or small area of convergence near the tube screen.

There has been a general trend toward color picture tubes with greater deflection angles in order to provide shorter tubes. In the transition to a wider deflection tube, e.g., 90° deflection to 110° deflection, it has been found that the electron beam becomes increasingly more distorted as it is scanned toward the outer portions of the screen. Such distortions may be due, at least in part, to variations in the deflection field formed by a yoke mounted on the tube. It is the purpose of the present invention to at least partially compensate for these distortions. Many of the cathode ray tubes presently utilized in color television display applications are of the type employing a patterned multi-phosphor cathodoluminescent screen interiorly disposed on the viewing panel of the tube envelope wherein an apertured or multi-opening mask is spatially positioned in relation thereto. A plurality of electron beams, emanating from an electron gun assembly positioned within the neck portion of the envelope, are directed to converge at and traverse the apertured mask to impinge and luminescently excite the electron responsive phosphors comprising the patterned screen therebeyond. Focusing of the individual electron beams is conventionally achieved by means of discrete electron lensing, such as bi-potential focus lensing; such being dependent on the ratio of the focus voltage to the respective accelerating electrode or anode voltage.

This model is even particular for design, and was the models series phasing out of previous sets based arount delta CRT TUBES.

The CRT Used in these sets was from GTE SYLVANIA and was failing often with various faults landing in malfunctioning picture behaviour (Dark).
 
Where such apparatus as television receivers are to be controlled from a viewer location as to channel, volume, brightness, etc., the remote control systems usually are made up of a hand held transmitter which transmits an ultrasonic signal to a receiver connected to or built within the television receiver. The depression of buttons on the transmitter causes a variety of signals or signal frequencies to be transmitted, whereby channel change, volume change, etc. is responsively obtained.
However such systems have individually suffered from one or more problems, such as inability to have direct access to the desired channel, slow access, insufficient noise immunity making it often possible to operate the system with the jingling of a key chain or an ultrasonic sound originating from a dishwasher etc., unreliable control due to the absence of means to detect and suppress transmission errors resulting from echoes, interfering signal sources, etc. Also some control systems are not suitable for continuous analog commands such as volume, brightness, etc. Existing systems also often require the need for bandpass filters and accurate crystal oscillators which make them costly. Many systems are not very suitable for integration into custom integrated circuits.
The present invention provides a remote control system whereby the nature of the remote control signal allows utmost reliability of control. The remote control receiver will be found to be virtually immune to echoes and ambient ultrasonic noises, and therefore will not produce a false response in the presence of echoes and ultrasonic interfering signals. A variety of kinds of commands can be provided, and with the preferred embodiment disclosed, up to ninety-nine channels in a television receiver can be instantaneously selected, without the requirement for sequentially stepping through each channel. Volume can be varied or muted, tint or brightness controlled, etc.
The above advantages are obtained by the transmission of a unique type of two tone coded signal which advantageously contains information defining start-up transmitted data, type of command (i.e. channel select identification or miscellaneous command such as volume), information permitting reconstruction of clock and identification of end of data. The two tones are transmitted sequentially. The second tone is transmitted to provide masking of echoes produced by the first tone and to mask noises that may be present in the operating environment of the system.
Since the two tones may be close together in frequency, it is possible to operate the remote control system in conjunction with high sensitivity resonant type microphones, thereby achieving high sensitivity together with high noise immunity. This also eliminates the need for input bandpass amplifiers.
The inventive receiver is thus rendered immune from operation by extraneous noise further by the provision of received data error checking circuitry for the timing of input pulses, etc., and for rejecting the data if an error is detected. The receiver also has provision for operation of continuous analog circuits in a television set, such as brightness, volume and tint controls, etc. Since echoes are masked out in the present system, data transmission can occur much more rapidly than in prior systems, as the receiver does not have to wait until echoes die out between transmission of bits for identification of data pulses.
Since all that is frequency dependent is the detection of signal above or below a predetermined reference frequency, accurate crystals for timing and reference frequency generation are not needed. The receiver is virtually entirely digital logic, making it suitable for monolithic integration with a minimum of external components. CMOS integrated circuit logic is preferred, minimizing power supply requirements.
In the preferred embodiment, two digits are transmitted separately and the second must be received within a given time interval, or the first number is disregarded. This method eliminates the need for a clear key as normally present on calculators.
The output of the receiver is a binary or BCD signal which can be used by known means to control the frequency of a selected channel, or to perform other functions such as variation of volume, control of brightness, tint, etc. in a television set.
It should also be understood that the use of this invention is not intended to be restricted to a television set, but can be utilized for the control of a large variety of other kinds of apparatus, e.g. door locks, household appliances, radio receivers, production machinery, etc. While the description below will be directed to a wireless ultrasonic transmitter-receiver system, it should be understood that a wired system, a radio control system, etc. could be used in the alternative.
The advantages of the invention are obtained by the provision of a system including means for receiving a transmitted signal comprising a pulse envelope modulated continuous wave ultrasonic signal at a first predetermined frequency, each pulse being immediately followed by a continuous wave ultrasonic signal at a second predetermined frequency which has amplitude such as to mask echoes of the first predetermined frequency at the receiving means, the pulses being representative of a sequence of binary bits, means to determine whether the received signal is above or below the frequency of a reference frequency, means for recognizing a change in input frequency with respect to the reference frequency, and means for counting said changes, determining the value of the binary bits, and providing a parallel coded signal representative of said value.
Tuning channels is performed manually with potentiometers .

- Horizontal Beam Deflection  and high voltage generating circuits realized with Thyristors circuits.
The massive demand for colour television receivers in Europe/Germany in the 70's  brought about an influx of sets from the continent. Many of these use the thin -neck (29mm) type of 110° shadowmask tube and the Philips 20AX CRT Tube, plus the already Delta Gun CRT . 
Scanning of these tubes is accomplished by means of a toroidally wound deflection yoke (conventional 90° and thick -neck 110° tubes operate with saddle -wound deflection coils). The inductance of a toroidal yoke is very much less than that of a saddle -wound yoke, thus higher scan currents are required. The deflection current necessary for the line scan is about 12A peak -to -peak. This could be provided by a transistor line output stage but a current step-up transformer, which is bulky and both difficult and costly to manufacture, would be required. 
An entirely different approach, pioneered by RCA in America and developed by them and by ITT (SEL) in Germany, is the thyristor line output stage. In this system the scanning current is provided via two thyristors and two switching diodes which due to their characteristics can supply the deflection yoke without a step-up transformer (a small transformer is still required to obtain the input voltage pulse for the e.h.t. tripler). The purpose of this article is to explain the basic operation of such circuits. The thyristor line output circuit offers high reliability since all switching occurs at zero current level. C.R.T. flashovers, which can produce high current surges (up to 60A), have no detrimental effects on the switching diodes or thyristors since the forward voltage drop across these devices is small and the duration of the current pulses short. If a surge limiting resistor is pro- vided in the tube's final anode circuit the peak voltages produced by flashovers seldom exceed the normal repetitive circuit voltages by more than 50-100V. This is well within the device ratings.  It's a very good system to use where the line scan coils require large peak currents with only a moderate flyback voltage  an intrinsic characteristic of toroidally wound deflection coils. The basic thyristor line output stage arrangement used in all these chassis is shown in Fig. 1
it was originally devised by RCA. Many sets fitted with 110°, narrow -neck delta -gun tubes used a thyristor line output stage - for example those in the Grundig and Saba ranges and the Finlux Peacock , Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco. The circuit continued to find favour in earlier chassis designed for use with in -line gun tubes, examples being found in the Grundig and Korting ranges - also,  Indesit, Siemens, Salora, Metz, Nordmende, Blaupunkt, ITT, Seleco, REX, Mivar, Emerson, Brionvega, Loewe, Galaxi, Stern, Zanussi, Wega, Philco the Rediffusion Mk. III chassis. Deflection currents of up to 13A peak -to -peak are commonly encountered with 110° tubes, with a flyback voltage of only some 600V peak  to peak. The total energy requirement is of the order of 6mJ, which is 50 per cent higher than modern 110° tubes of the 30AX and S4 variety with their saddle -wound line scan coils.   The only problem with this type of circuit is the large amount of energy that shuttles back and forth at line frequency. This places a heavy stress on certain components. Circuit losses produce quite high temperatures, which are concentrated at certain points, in particular the commutating combi coil. This leads to deterioration of the soldered joints around the coil, a common cause of failure. This can have a cumulative effect, a high resistance joint increasing the local heating until the joint becomes well and truly dry -a classic symptom with some Grundig / Emerson sets. The wound components themselves can be a source of trouble, due to losses - particularly the combi coil and the regulating transductor. Later chassis are less prone to this sort of thing, partly because of the use of later generation, higher efficiency yokes but mainly due to more generous and better design of the wound components. The ideal dielectric for use in the tuning capacitors is polypropylene (either metalised or film). It's a truly won- derful dielectric - very stable, with very small losses, and capable of operation at high frequencies and elevated temperatures. It's also nowadays reasonably inexpensive. Unfortunately many earlier chassis of this type used polyester capacitors, and it's no surprise that they were inclined to give up. When replacing the tuning capacitors in a thyristor line output stage it's essential to use polypropylene types -a good range of axial components with values ranging from 0.001µF to 047µF is available from RS Components, enabling even non-standard values to be made up from an appropriate combination. Using polypropylene capacitors in place of polyester ones will not only ensure capacitor reliability but will also lower the stress on other components by reducing the circuit losses (and hence power consumption).
       Numerous circuit designs for completely transistorized television receivers either have been incorporated in commercially available receivers or have been described in detail in various technical publications. One of the most troublesome areas in such transistor receivers, from the point of View of reliability and economy, lies in the horizontal deflection circuits.
       As an attempt to avoid the voltage and current limitations of transistor deflection circuits, a number of circuits have been proposed utilizing the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a semiconductor device capable of handling substantially higher currents and voltages than transistors.
       The circuit utilizes two bi-directionally conductive switching means which serve respectively as trace and commutating switches. Particularly, each of the switching means comprises the parallel combination of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and a diode. The commutating switch is triggered on shortly before the desired beginning of retrace and, in conjunction with a resonant commutating circuit having an inductor and two capacitors, serves to turn off the trace switch to initiate retrace. The commutating circuit is also arranged to turn oft the commutating SCR before the end of retrace. 
.
The set is build with a Modular chassis design because as modern television receivers become more complex the problem of repairing the receiver becomes more difficult. As the number of components used in the television receiver increases the susceptibility to breakdown increases and it becomes more difficult to replace defective components as they are more closely spaced. The problem has become even more complicated with the increasing number of color television receivers in use. A color television receiver has a larger number of circuits of a higher degree of complexity than the black and white receiver and further a more highly trained serviceman is required to properly service the color television receiver.
Fortunately for the service problem to date, most failures occur in the vacuum tubes used in the television receivers. A faulty or inoperative vacuum tube is relatively easy to find and replace. However, where the television receiver malfunction is caused by the failure of other components, such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, it is harder to isolate the defective component and a higher degree of skill on the part of the serviceman is required.
Even with the great majority of the color television receiver malfunctions being of the "easy to find and repair" type proper servicing of color sets has been difficult to obtain due to the shortage of trained serviceman.
At the present time advances in the state of the semiconductor art have led to the increasing use of transistors in color television receivers. The receiver described in this application has only two tubes, the picture tube and the high voltage rectifier tube, all the other active components in the receiver being semiconductors.
One important characteristic of a semiconductor device is its extreme reliability in comparison with the vacuum tube. The number of transistor and integrated circuit failures in the television receiver will be very low in comparison with the failures of other components, the reverse of what is true in present day color television receivers. Thus most failures in future television receivers will be of the hard to service type and will require more highly qualified servicemen.
The primary symptoms of a television receiver malfunction are shown on the picture tube of the television receiver while the components causing the malfunction are located within the cabinet. Also many adjustments to the receiver require the serviceman to observe the screen. Thus the serviceman must use unsatisfactory mirror arrangements to remove the electronic chassis from the cabinet, usually a very difficult task. Further many components are "buried" in a maze of circuitry and other components so that they are difficult to remove and replace without damage to other components in the receiver.
Repairing a modern color television receiver often requires that the receiver be removed from the home and carried to a repair shop where it may remain for many weeks. This is an expensive undertaking since most receivers are bulky and heavy enough to require at least two persons to carry them. Further, two trips must be made to the home, one to pick up the receiver and one to deliver it. For these reasons, the cost of maintaining the color television receiver in operating condition often exceeds the initial cost of the receiver and is an important factor in determining whether a receiver will be purchased.
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the main electronic chassis is easily accessible for maintenance and adjustment. Another object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the electronic circuits are divided into a plurality of modules with the modules easily removable for service and maintenance. The main electronic chassis is slidably mounted within the cabinet so that it may be withdrawn, in the same manner as a drawer, to expose the electronic circuitry therein for maintenance and adjustment from the rear closure panel after easy removal. Another aspect is the capability to be serviced at eventually the home of the owner.
This is an original SABA made.



The Schwarzwälder Apparate-Bau-Anstalt (SABA) was a German manufacturer for electronic equipment founded in 1923 at Triberg im Schwarzwald (Black Forest), present-day Baden-Württemberg.

The former clock maker began producing component parts for broadcast receivers until it acquired a manufacturing license for complete radio sets in 1927. SABA quickly expanded, moved to a larger factory building at Villingen in 1932 and over the years became a long-time rival of the leading Telefunken company. After World War II the firm entered into the production of tape recorders, television sets and even established a record label, the later MPS Records company.

When faced with increasing competitive pressure, the shareholders sold the majority of the company to the GTE Corporation in order to generate synergy effects with GTE's Sylvania brand. Nevertheless in 1980 the remaining tv set production was finally purchased by Thomson SA.





The Schwarzwälder Apparate-Bau-Anstalt (SABA) was a German manufacturer for electronic equipment founded in 1923 at Triberg im Schwarzwald (Black Forest), present-day Baden-Württemberg.

The former clock maker began producing component parts for broadcast receivers until it acquired a manufacturing license for complete radio sets in 1927. SABA quickly expanded, moved to a larger factory building at Villingen in 1932 and over the years became a long-time rival of the leading Telefunken company. After World War II the firm entered into the production of tape recorders, television sets and even established a record label, the later MPS Records company.

When faced with increasing competitive pressure, the shareholders sold the majority of the company to the GTE Corporation in order to generate synergy effects with GTE's Sylvania brand. Nevertheless in 1980 the remaining tv set production was finally purchased by Thomson SA.



HISTORY OF  Schwarzwälder Apparate-Bau-Anstalt (SABA) IN GERMAN:

Von Wolfgang Menzel gibt es seit 1995 das Buch «SABA, die Produktion von 1924-1949» [506]. Es enthält mehr als 100 Gerätefotos und Details zu den Selbstbaugeräten. Die Firmengeschichte ist durch Hermann Brunner-Schwer eindrücklich im Buch «SABA, Bilanz einer Aufgabe» [481] festgehalten. Er ist einer der beiden Söhne der einzigen Tochter von Familie Hermann Schwer. Peter Zudeick hat wegen vorzeitigem Tod des Unternehmers vor allem das wirtschaftliche Umfeld dieser Geschichte beleuchtet. Das Buch ist jedem an der Radiogeschichte Deutschlands interessierten Leser zu empfehlen. Es liest sich wie ein Wirtschaftskrimi.

Zudem hat 1973 Sissi Hörzinger an der Universität Regensburg eine Diplomarbeit über die Produktpolitik von SABA geschrieben [497]. Allerdings verschweigen beide Werke Millionenverluste mit Fehlplanungen in den USA und die Diplomarbeit beschreibt weitere Fehlinvestitionen nur am Rande.

Die ersten Schritte des Familienunternehmens SABA gehen auf die Gründung einer Uhrenfabrik in Triberg durch Joseph Benedikt Schwer für sog. «Jockele-Uhren» im Jahre 1835 zurück.

1864 tritt der Sohn, August Schwer als gelernter Uhrmacher ein und 1865 nennen sie den Betrieb August Schwer Söhne Metallwaren-Fabrik. In den 80er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts erweitert Sohn August die Produktion mit verwandten Artikeln wie Briefwaagen und kleineren Metallfabrikaten.

Hermann Schwer (gel. Uhrmacher), der Enkel des Firmengründers, leitet den Betrieb von 20 Mitarbeitern ab 1905 im Alter von 27 Jahren. Er gliedert eine Herstellung von Rasierapparaten, Türklingeln und Fahrradglocken an.

Auf einer Reise nach Zürich im Frühjahr 1923 erhält Hermann Schwer den entscheidenden Impuls: Er hört im Studio von Telefunken über ein Detektorgerät eine vom Sender des Pariser Eiffelturms ausgestrahlte Musiksendung. Darauf beginnt er mit der Herstellung von Einzelteilen wie Stiel- [186] und Doppelkopfhörern, später auch von NF-Trafos (NT1, 2 und 3), Drehkondensatoren, Spulen und Widerständen etc. für den Verkauf an Radiobastler.

Für die Produkte wirbt die Firma mit den vier ersten Anfangsbuchstaben des Firmennamens: SABA. Das Werk beschäftigt 1923 ca. 200 Mitarbeiter.

Ab 1926 bietet SABA fertige Selbstbausätze mit Aufbau nach Browing-Drake aus den USA. 1927 erhält die Firma die Bauerlaubnis und bietet nun auch fertige Radios an - mit dabei auch ein KW-Audion. Eine Werbung von 1927 in Japan bezeugt, dass SABA frühzeitig an weltweiten Export dachte.

1929 verpflichtet SABA «einen hochbegabten Dipl.-Ing.» [481-21] aus der Schweiz, Eugen Leuthold. Er entwickelt unter der Typenbezeichnung (S)35 einen Apparat, der auf der Leipziger Frühjahrsmesse 1931 wegen seines überaus grossen Erfolges den Beinamen «Sieger» erhält. Bis Ende Jahr verkauft die Firma mehr als 100'000 dieser Geräte mit für Deutschland neuartigem Schaltungskonzept eines rückgekoppelten Anodengleichrichters mit Kathodengegenkopplung. SABA verwendet ein dynamisches Lautsprechersystem nach den Patenten von Rice-Kellog, USA [1-61+103].

1931 zeigt die Modellreihe S41 (31W, 44, T44) von Leuthold den ersten automatisch geregelten Schwundausgleich (AGC, aut. gain control) auf dem deutschen Markt. Ab diesem Jahr stellt SABA für jede neue Modellreihe eine Kundendienstschrift mit Reparaturanleitung bereit. Dies zieht sich bis in die Nachkriegsjahre. Allerdings sind Exportgeräte, wie z.B. 450WLK von 1938, nicht enthalten.

1932 kann SABA aus Gewinnen mit S35 und Nachfolgetypen die Investitionen für ein Hauptfabrikgebäude und diverse Nebengebäude planen und 1932/33 sowie 1934/35 realisieren. Der Umsatz beträgt nun 11,4 Mio. RM; SABA betont die «Schwarzwälder Präzision» und beschäftigt gegen 500 Mitarbeiter. Leider baut die Firma in den Jahren 1933-38/39 Drehkondensatoren aus Zinkguss. Diese sind heute unbrauchbar, wenn sie Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt waren/sind.

SABA kommt in den entscheidenen Rundfunkjahren 1932 bis 1935 auf einen Marktanteil von rund 10% (1932 12,3%) und liegt damit knapp vor Mende an zweiter Stelle hinter Telefunken mit 12 bis 17%. 1935 entsteht eine Festschrift [498] zum 100-jährigen Jubiläum. Daraus geht hervor, dass in 13 Ländern SABA-Vertretungen bestehen.

1936 stirbt Hermann Schwer und seine Frau Johanna wird Universalerbin, jedoch mit verschiedenen Bestimmungen, u.a. dass die beiden Enkel, Hansjörg (1927) und Hermann Brunner-Schwer (1929) am 3.10.54 die Erbfolge antreten. Margarethe Brunner-Schwer, die einzige Tochter, lässt der Erblasser aus. Ihr geschiedener Mann, Fritz Brunner, war Musikdirektor. Johanna Schwer ernennt den techn. Leiter, Josef Fricker, zum Geschäftsleiter.

1936 gibt es gemäss Kundendienstschrift den bei «LSf» erwähnten 241GW nicht (sondern GWL), ebenfalls keinen 441WLK (nur WL). Der Zusatz T steht für Truhe, TS für Truhe mit Schallplatten-Laufwerk (2 Saisons). Der Zweikreiser 340WL verfügt über einen Empfindlichkeits- und Bandbreitenregler. Die Kundendienstschrift erwähnt, dass Mod. 242WL in den Ersatzteillisten vorkommt, jedoch nicht auf den Markt kam.

1938 entsteht der millionste SABA-Apparat. Die Firma verwendet nun statt Differential-Kondensatoren ein regelbares Dreifachbandfilter sowie NF-Gegenkopplung und bringt ihren letzten Geradeaus-Empfänger.

1939 erweitert SABA den Betrieb im Auftrag der Wehrmacht und 1940 beträgt die Kriegsproduktion 88%. Es entstehen Funkgeräte, UKW-Empfänger und -Sender für Panzer, Feldtelefone, Bordsprechanlagen, Suchgeräte etc.

1943 entfallen vom Gesamtumsatz von 22 Mio. RM lediglich 332'000 auf zivile Rundfunkproduktion. Johanna Schwer stirbt am 10.10.43. 1944 liegt der Umsatz mit 19 Mio. RM noch über dem Vorkriegsergebnis; Fricker ersetzt man durch Ernst Scherb. Ein wichtiges Zivilgerät bildet von 1941-44 das von Philips übernommene «Auslagerungs-Modell» 208U mit der SABA-Bezeichnung 500ZGW (aber gemäss [506] keine Eigenproduktion).

Am 19.4.45 vernichten zwei Volltreffer vor allem die kürzlich erstellten Werksbauten; dem Verwaltungsgebäude fehlt das Dach. Erst gegen Ende 1945 kann SABA einen Spielzeugkran, Tablettenröhrchen und andere Kleinigkeiten herstellen, dann bekommt die Firma ein Kontingent zur Herstellung von Fernsprechapparaten. Der im Krieg in die Schweiz zurückgekehrte Eugen Leuthold ist einverstanden, wieder zu SABA zu gehen, wenn diese die Erlaubnis zur Herstellung von Rundfunkgeräten erhält.

In [FT4601+02] sind die Vorkriegsgeräte 582WK, WKRO und S461GWK-AM erwähnt, die jedoch gemäss [481] SABA erst Ende 1947 fabrizieren kann, was auch [506] übernimmt.

Im April 1947 gründen die Eigner die SABA-Vertriebs GmbH, um während eines langwierigen Entnazifizierungsverfahrens einige frei verfügbare Mittel ansammeln zu können. Gegen Ende 1947 erhält SABA von der französischen Militärbehörde den Auftrag, ausschliesslich für Angehörige der französischen Besatzungsarmee Radios zu produzieren. Die Franzosen lassen jedoch stillschweigend zu, dass SABA Geräte für Kompensationsgeschäfte abzweigt. Die Geräte sind praktisch identisch mit der Vorkriegsserie [481-190]. 1948 gibt es neue, rundliche Formen. Zudem ist die Produktion nun von Einschränkungen frei.

1949 wandelt sich die unter der Obhut des Testamentvollstreckers stehende Einzelfirma in eine GmbH um. SABA-Geräte erleben einen reissenden Absatz; der Umsatz beträgt mehr als 21 Mio. DM und der Betrieb beschäftigt wie vor dem Krieg etwa 1000 Personen.

Wegen Verfall der Absorber-Patente von Elektrolux (Schweden) zieht SABA 1950 ein Kühlschrankprogramm auf, doch gibt es erhebliche Probleme und wenig Synergieeffekte, sondern Verluste.

SABA belegt nach Anteilen der auf den Markt gelangten Rundfunkgeräte gemäss [497] hinter Grundig (27%), Nord-Mende (12) und evtl. Loewe-Opta (11) den dritten/vierten Platz (11). Hermann Brunner-Schwer tritt in die Firma ein. Sein (späterer) Stiefvater, Ernst Scherb, lässt sich das schlechte Geschäft mit den Kühlschränken jedoch nicht ausreden. Damit gibt es viele Spannungen.

Ab Saison 1954/55 (Typen Freiburg und Bodensee) bringt SABA wieder Geräte mit Sendersuchlauf und automatischer Scharfabstimmung, wobei die meisten mit Fernbedienung ausrüstbar sind [638754]. 1966-70 baut die Firma den vollstransistorisierten Stereoempfänger «HiFi-Studio Freiburg Stereo» als letzten dieser Reihe. In [638754] sind die Modelle beschrieben und in einer Tabelle zusammengefasst.

1956 beginnt das «Werk 3», ein neu erstellter Betrieb in Friedrichshafen, mit der Produktion von selbst entwickelten Tonbandgeräten (sabafon). Erst 1957 gibt SABA das «Kühlschrankgeschäft» mit grossen Verlusten auf und beginnt in den frei werdenden Räumlichkeiten SABA-TV herzustellen. SABA stösst jedoch auf einen Verdrängungswettbewerb und kann die fetten Jahre der grossen Nachfrage nicht nutzen.

Erst 1960 kommt das Unternehmen mit einem Koffergerät auf den Markt. Nach dem 125jährigen Firmenjubiläum vom Oktober 1960, d.h. am 1.1.61 kann Hermann Brunner-Schwer die Geschäftsleitung übernehmen. Gemäss [497] treten die Brüder Brunner-Schwer allerdings 1955 in die Geschäftsleitung ein. Nun beginnen aber gerade die Warenhäuser billige Fernsehgeräte anzubieten, da Körting an Neckermann liefert und damit das Kartell aufbricht. Die erfolgreiche Antwort ist eine starke Bindung der Grosshändler an SABA und das Aufkaufen von SABA-Geräten aus Warenhäusern mit gleichzeitigem Lieferstopp an Händler, die sich nicht an die Abmachungen halten.

1961 kann SABA einen per Zufall entdeckten Effekt nutzen, indem sie ein speziell gerilltes Plastik verwendet, um unter dem Schlagwort «Sabavision» ein «zeilenfreies Fernsehen» anzubieten, das vorerst durch Patentschutz ohne Nachahmung bleibt. Die Belegschaft beträgt nun 4500 Personen; SABA zählt zu den wichtigsten TV-Anbietern. Trotzdem steht es schlecht; die Eigenmittel sind zu gering.

Am 18.5.62 versucht die Firma ihr Wohl mit einer engeren Bindung an 130 Grossisten und 9000 Einzelhändler (von 500 bzw. 20'000), da Ende der 50er Jahre allgemein die Preisbindung aufhört. Damit kann SABA tatsächlich den Umsatz von 118 Mio. DM auf 155 im Jahre 1965 steigern, doch sind Schwarz-Weiss-TV immer schwieriger abzusetzen, obwohl die Firma dafür hinter Nordmende als Nummer zwei gilt.

1964 kommt das Unternehmen mit «SABAmobil», einem Tonband-Radiokombi für Autos auf den Markt, doch löst die auch dann neu eingeführte Philips-Kassette das Gerät innerhalb drei Jahren ab.

Der Exportanteil von SABA beträgt Mitte der 60er Jahre etwa 15%. Die Firma versucht sich zusammen mit ADDO an einem elektronischen Tischrechner mit Druckwerk «ADDO-SABAtronic».

1967 ist der Einstieg ins Farbfernsehgeschäft für die ganze Branche problematisch, denn Neckermann bietet ein von Körting hergestelltes Gerät unter 2000 DM an. SABA bekommt technische Probleme aufgrund falsch dimensionierter Baugruppen. Zudem stocken Verhandlungen mit Telefunken betreffend direkter Beteiligung.

1967 platzt wegen einer heimlichen Intervention durch Max Grundig ein unterschriftsreifes, gutes Abkommen mit Philips. Grundig will einen 50 %-Anteil an SABA und darum Telefunken im Spiel halten!

Am 20.1.68 erzielt SABA ein Beteiligungs-Abkommen mit GTE (85 %) in den USA (mit Sylvania-Bildröhrenwerk in Belgien), das die Firmeneigner unter Verschwiegenheit aushandeln konnten. Die Qualität der TV-Geräte ist nun gut, die Umsätze steigern sich bis 1973 dank dem «Onkel aus Amerika» auf eine halbe Milliarde DM.

6000 Personen sind in den Werken Villingen, Friedrichshafen, Leutkirch, Tienen (Belgien), Kölliken und Aarau (je Schweiz) beschäftigt. 1972 belegt SABA im Bereich Rundfunk-Fernsehen-Tonband für das Inland hinter Grundig (14,7%), Telefunken (13,3%) und Philips (12,5%) zusammen mit Nordmende (je 9,3%) den vierten Platz. Japanische Unternehmen drängen mit Billiggeräten auf den deutschen Markt.

1974 ordern die Händler wegen dem bevorstehenden Fussballspektakel soviele Farb-TV-Geräte wie noch nie, doch weisen nun die Sylvania-Bildröhren eine grosse Anzahl von Ausfällen auf. SABA verliert viel Zeit mit der Beweisführung, dass es an den Bildröhren und nicht an den Geräten liegt. Dazu kommt ein persönliches Intriegenspiel und Hermann Mössner - von H. Brunner-Schwer ursprünglich an GTE empfohlen - übernimmt die Leitung von SABA. Unter seiner Regie entstehen grosse Verluste.

1980 trennt sich GTE von der Unterhaltungselektronik und verkauft diesen Teil samt SABA an den französischen Konzern Thomson-Brandt. Nachdem Thomson auch Telefunken übernimmt, lässt sie dort produzieren; SABA gibt es danach nur noch als Vertriebsgesellschaft und -Marke.


" Dank guter Qualitätsarbeit und innovativen Schaltungen sowie einem guten Marketing erreicht SABA 1932 bis 1935 hinter Telefunken den grössten Marktanteil in Deutschland. Auch in den 50er Jahren arbeitet SABA sehr erfolgreich, doch die 60er Jahre sind von finanziellen Schwierigkeiten geprägt. 1835: Ursprung in Triberg;
1865: August Schwer Söhne Metallwaren-Fabrik.
1918: Firmierung unter Schwarzwälder-Apparate-Bau-Anstalt, August Schwer & Söhne, Villingen.
1933: Schwarzwälder-Apparate-Bau-Anstalt August Schwer Söhne GmbH; Kurzform: SABA Radio Werke;
1950: Kurzform: SABA Werke.
Radios: 1927 bis 1979."


R.I.P.  GERMANY......................

Some References.......

Rye, Howard (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 3 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 172. ISBN 1-56159-284-6.

Literatur

  • Hermann Brunner-Schwer: SABA. Bilanz einer Aufgabe. Vom Aufstieg und Niedergang eines Familienunternehmens. Elster, Moos 1990. ISBN 3-89151-101-9 (Geschichte)
  • Hans Heinrich Schmid: Lexikon der Deutschen Uhrenindustrie 1850–1980. Firmenadressen, Fertigungsprogramm, Firmenzeichen, Markennamen, Firmengeschichten. Förderkreis Lebendiges Uhrenindustriemuseum e. V., Villingen-Schwenningen 2005. ISBN 3-927987-91-3
  • Farbfernsehtechnik, ganz einfach! Franzis, München.
  • Investitionen nur aus eigener Kraft. In: Die Zeit, Nr. 39/1960

Einzelnachweise:


Ehrenbürger Hermann Schwer In: Museumsverein Meersburg (Hrsg.): Meersburger Spuren. Verlag Robert Gessler, Friedrichshafen, 2007. ISBN 978-3-86136-124-4, S. 240–241.
SABA Sieger S35W auf radiomuseum.org, abgerufen am 6. April 2015
SABA Wildbad 8 auf radiomuseum.org, abgerufen am 6. April 2015
http://www.sozialgeschichte-uhrenindustrie.de/2016/02/14/die-saba-vom-familienbetrieb-zum-spielball-der-konzerne/
Schauinsland W II auf radiomuseum.org, abgerufen am 6. April 2015
Schwarzwaldmuseum Triberg
Ehrenbürger Hermann Schwer In: Museumsverein Meersburg (Hrsg.): Meersburger Spuren. Verlag Robert Gessler, Friedrichshafen, 2007. ISBN 978-3-86136-124-4, S. 240–241.
Eberhard Stadler: Firmen gehen, die Kantine bleibt. In: Südkurier vom 24. September 2009.
Markenregister SABA

Weblinks:


- Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien Firmengeschichte von SABA bei radiomuseum.orgWumpus Welt der Radios: Freiburg Automatic-Modelle, Jahrzehnte-Liste
 

1 comment:

  1. I had one Pro 6773 Ultracolor with a GTE Sylvania Picture
    Tube running partly up to 2008 with some minor defects.
    The TV had a really good design with an ultrasonic remote
    control called " The telecommander " . Unfortunately I had to give it away to a moving company . BYe, bye !

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