The GRUNDIG SUPER COLOR 1510B IT is an heavy portable color television with 15 (37CM) inches color screen.
Features:
- TOSHIBA BLACKSTRIPE CRT TUBE.
As for this kind of color cathode ray tube apparatus, it was a current trend in the field of color cathode ray tubes to use a self-convergence in-line type color cathode ray tube. In particular, this color cathode ray tube employs an in-line type electron gun assembly for emitting three electron beams consisting of a center beam and a pair of side beams which extend on one same horizontal plane and are positioned in one line, and the three electron beams are self-concentrated, while generating a horizontal deflection magnetic field of a pin-cushion type and a vertical deflection magnetic field of a barrel type, by means of a deflection device. In this self-convergence type deflecting device, there may be obtained satisfactory convergence characteristics of electron beams. However, since the curvature of the screen is different from the beam deflecting curvature, the raster is distorted to have a pincushion distortion on both side.
At present, in order to correct the pincushion distortion, a pincushion distortion correcting circuit is used to produce in synchronism with a vertical signal an output signal which has an amplitude varied in a parabolic form and is superposed on a horizontal signal. However, such a distortion correcting circuit is inconsistent with the goal of fewer components, low cost and simple construction.
2 - With BlackStripe Technology as a cathode ray tube including a faceplate and a shadow mask
containing an array of vertically oriented slotted apertures for
restricting electron beams directed therethrough to impinge upon and
excite selected areas of phosphor material on said faceplate, a viewing
screen comprising:a horizontally repetitive pattern of sets of
three vertically oriented stripes of phosphor material extending
vertically across and coating the inside surface of said faceplate, each
stripe within a set being of different phosphor material so as to
emit a different color when excited by the corresponding one of the
three electron beams passing through the associated aperture in said
shadow mask, and a layer of light absorbing material coating
the inside surface of said faceplate and containing a vertical and
horizontal array of vertically oriented slotted openings, said stripes
and openings being juxtaposed so that said openings define viewable
portions of said stripes, each viewable portion being totally
surrounded with light absorbing material,said openings and
stripes being aligned with the apertures in said shadow mask so that a
corresponding one of said three electron beams is allowed to impinge
upon each viewable portion,the vertical dimension of each
opening being greater than the vertical dimension of that part of said
viewable portion excited by the electron beam impinging thereupon,
such that a positive vertical guardband is provided, and the
horizontal dimension of each opening being less than the horizontal
dimension of the impinging electron beam, such that a negative
horizontal guardband is provided.
-
It has 8 program preselection with mechanic push buttons and
potentiometric tuning via a "special tool" included in the little door
on the tuning board.
- This tuning feature was called "Preomat" by GRUNDIG.
This kind of tuning system was called by GRUNDIG the " PREOMAT " which
in further models was featured electronically television receiving
apparatus including a presettable tuner having a plurality of
plunger-actuated, frequency-determining, elements with which the
operator can select desired VHF and UHF stations. The actuating elements
are normally concealed behind a control panel door, and the door is so
constructed that portions thereof define a plurality of deflectable keys
any one of which may be depressed to engage and operate an underlying
tuning element. The door, including the keys, may be moved to open
position to accommodate presetting of desired frequency channels. This
invention provides for placement of all of the plungers behind a door
which covers the control panel area of the cabinet, and it is the
general object of our invention to provide novel door structure which is
movable to an open position affording ready access to the control means
for presetting purposes, and which door structure includes a panel
defining a plurality of key members carried by the door in such a way
that each key member normally lies substantially in the plane of the
door panel and is depressable to a position, out of said plane, in which
it actuates its corresponding plunger and adjusts the tuner to one of
the channels which have been preselected. In achievement of this general
objective, we prefer to divide the main panel of the door into a frame
portion and to slot remaining panel portions in a direction generally
perpendicular to the panel frame portion, to provide a plurality of
individual keys fixed at one side to the panel frame and free to be
deflected with respect to the panel, preferably out of the plane of the
latter. In such apparatus the door serves not only as a means to cover
the controls, but also as a means for actuating the same. This tuning
apparatus is known in the art, and apparatus suitable for use as the
aforesaid switching and frequency determining device is available, for
example, from Prehelektrofeinmechanische Werke, of Bad Neustadt, West
Germany, being identified as Model No. P-12/12 and designated PREOMAT.
First however let's briefly recap on the principles involved in this tuning system:
The
tuners use variable capacitance (or "varicap") diodes as the variable
tuning elements: the effective capacitance of the diodes is controlled
by the reverse bias applied across them, tuning being achieved by
varying this voltage. As the reverse bias across a varicap diode is
increased so its junction depletion region widens thus reducing its
capacitance.
A
VHF/ UHF television tuner is constructed in accordance with the present
invention includes a preselector tuned circuit having a solid state
voltage controlled capacitor as its tunable element, a radio frequency
amplifier coupled to the preselector circuit and alsoother circuit to
perfect the signal receiving capability and the application the like.
Considering the Mechanical Tuner Problems:
To get the servicing problems in perspective let us next consider the tuning arrangements previously used.
The earliest of these, employed on v.h.f., was the switched tuner which was either of the turret or incremental type.
The
turret tuner substituted a coil bearing "biscuit" mounted on the
rotating drum or turret when channels were changed. Twelve positions
were normally provided, with a fine tuning knob to adjust the local
oscillator frequency. As its name suggests the incremental tuner simply
added more inductance to the tuned circuits at every downward channel
movement: thus the highest inductance was present on channel one and the
least on channel 12 (which normally covered 13 as well with
manipulation of the fine tuner).
The
movement towards u.h.f. TV working, initially with dual standard sets
and later with single standard ones, brought about the need for u.h.f.
tuners. In the earliest u.h.f. receivers valve tuners which were not
particularly efficient were used.
The
drive mechanism was usually a dual speed rotary system calibrated from
channels 21 to 68. Experience in the field indicated that 625 line
television was in many cases considered by the viewer to be inferior to
405 -line reception, on account of the poor signal to noise ratio
achieved by the valve tuners. Many viewers were not prepared to use
external u.h.f. aerials of course, having achieved satisfactory
reception on v.h.f. with an indoor aerial: this aggravated the situation
even more.
Another
aspect which caused difficulty was the care needed to tune in a u.h.f.
channel using a rotary tuner covering the whole of Bands IV and V. Many
viewers simply could not tune in BBC 2 or ZDF or ORF or any channel
correctly with such a tuning mechanism, finding that they had passed
right over the channel they wanted before realising what they had done.
The
advent of transistor tuners rapidly improved the quality of u.h.f.
reception but use of a rotary mechanism was continued by many
manufacturers. Thus while potential reception was improved the same
tuning difficulties remained and viewers continued to gravitate towards
405 line viewing using the "old faithful" switched tuner. The
operational breakthrough came with the introduction of the push-button
u.h.f. channel change.
The
mechanism is basically simple. Adjustable push buttons press down on a
lever bar which in turn rotates the tuner's variable capacitors to the
appropriate position. Each button is capable of tuning over the entire
u.h.f. bands and this leads to customer confusion at times when after
some adjustments which were too heavy handed they find themselves
receiving ITV on a BBC button or a ORF and ZDF broadcasting or any
channel possible !
Mechanical Faults:
Mechanical
tuning obviously has its snags. There are for example contact springs
which earth the tuning capacitor and go intermittent. This gives rise to
the most random tuning defects, capable of driving the. most patient
viewer to a state of total exasperation. It is also possible for the
rotation mechanism to hang up and jam intermittently, or just become
sticky, so that the reset accuracy of the mechanism is impaired and the
receiver has to be retuned every time the channel is changed.
The
vanes in the tuning capacitor can also short out at different settings,
thereby eliminating some channels. The Varicap Tuner It will be seen
then that mechanical defects can cause very irritating fault symptoms.
If one thinks along the lines that anything mechanical is nasty, then
the elimination of mechanical parts can only be to the good.
The
logic of this is splendid provided the electronic replacement for the
mechanical system is more reliable! Otherwise we are leaping out of the
frying pan into the fire! In the light of experience gained with
mechanical tuning devices it seems great that with the varicap tuner we
have at last dispensed with the dreaded rotary tuning capacitor,
replacing it instead with a variable voltage to the tuner.
Let
us think about this however since things are never quite as simple as
they first appear. The tuning voltage has to be variable in order to
tune the receiver. Obviously then a means of varying the voltage has to
be provided to act as the tuning control.
As
it is a voltage that has to be varied the tuning control takes the form
of a potentiometer., Now we have returned to a mechanical system again,
though in a less complex form.
A potentiometer is required for each channel, selected by pressing the appropriate channel button.
We
have lost a tuning capacitor and its rotating mechanism and gained a
set of pots and selector switches therefore. Provided the pots and
switches are mechanically more reliable than the tuning capacitor we
should be better off-or should we?
Need for Voltage Stabilisation.
The
voltage selected by the pots cannot be allowed to drift otherwise the
receiver will go off -tune. The voltage supply to the potentiometers has
to be stabilised therefore and a stabilising zener diode or integrated
circuit (TAA550) .is needed for this purpose.
Any failure in this part of the circuit
will give rise to tuning drift or worse, a total loss of reception. A
short-circuit TAA550 for example will completely remove the tuning
voltage while if it is open circuit the tuning can vary with picture
brightness. Likewise any intermittency in the potentiometers or
associated switching and/or resistors can also cause problems.
Relative Reliability of Tuners:
It
will be seen then that in order to lose our troublesome mechanical
arrangement we have had to introduce considerably more electronics which
we trust are going to be more reliable. In addition we have not so far
considered the relative reliability of the varicap tuner itself compared
with the mechanical type. Since two r.f. transistors are generally used
to compensate for the reduced Q of the varicap tuned circuits we
immediately have twice the likelihood of an r.f. stage breaking down!
And
being semiconductors the varicap diodes themselves are more likely to
fail than the sections of a ganged tuning capacitor. It is reasonable
then to conclude that if mechanical faults are the most prevalent the
use of varicap tuners will make life easier. Mechanical faults are
generally not too difficult to sort out however and the field engineer
can often cope with them in the home.
Can
the same be said of the varicap tuner? It seems that this type of tuner
does not need so much attention as its mechanical counterpart but is
likely to throw up some much more difficult faults when it does,
resulting in bench repairs being needed. So far my own experience has
indicated that varicap tuning faults nearly always need servicing on the
bench.
Generally
speaking it seems true to say that varicap tuners themselves are
adequately reliable: the snags result from the tuning system and
stabilised power supply.
Tuning Drift with Varicap Tuners:
If
a varicap tuned receiver is constantly drifting off tune the +30V
supply should be the number one suspect. It is best to connect an
Avometer permanently to the supply so that it can be precisely
monitored-if necessary write down the exact voltage measured.
If
the receiver drifts, check the voltage. If it has changed, even
slightly, this may well be enough to be the cause of the fault. To
pinpoint and confirm the diagnosis aerosol freezer should be applied to
the stabiliser i.c. or zener. If the voltage returns to normal or
changes wildly for the worse the stabiliser is almost certainly the
cause of the trouble and should be replaced.
A
prolonged soak test should then be carried out. Another point
concerning varicap tuners arises with their use in colour receivers.
- Special VHF Channel tuner for Italy The model designation with the final "IT" suffix describes the tuner type realized for Italy market at the time as the national Tv Broadcast R.A.I. was transmitting in VHF B 3 PAL . The at the time.VHF channel numbers were allocated by in-country governement/ authorities/agencies, or by groups of such technical organizations acting together.The set has a tuner prepared for italian broadcast arrangement of channels, just five of them, and was certainly different to that proposed by other Western European countries that were planning to use the 625-line system. At that time no numbers or other designations were shown for these channels.
- First GRUNDIG TV Set featuring a Vertical / Frame deflection realized with a special Ic monolithic integrated
circuit designed for use in TV vertical deflection systems. They are manufactured using
the Fairchild Planar* process. Both devices are supplied in the 12-pin plastic power package with the heat sink fins bent for insertion into the printed circuit board.The IC includes a sync circuit, oscillator, ramp generator, buffer stage, preamplifier, power amplifier, flyback generator and voltage generator.
The TDA1170 was designed primarily for large and small screen black and white TV
receivers and industrial TV monitors.
- Manual commands for volume, bright, color .
- The Horizontal Beam Deflection and high voltage generating circuits are realized with Thyristors circuits.
As an attempt to avoid the voltage and current limitations of transistor deflection circuits, a number of circuits have been proposed utilizing the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a semiconductor device capable of handling substantially higher currents and voltages than transistors.
The circuit utilizes two bi-directionally conductive switching means which serve respectively as trace and commutating switches. Particularly, each of the switching means comprises the parallel combination of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and a diode. The commutating switch is triggered on shortly before the desired beginning of retrace and, in conjunction with a resonant commutating circuit having an inductor and two capacitors, serves to turn off the trace switch to initiate retrace. The commutating circuit is also arranged to turn oft the commutating SCR before the end of retrace.
All other standard commands are even manual.
- The set is build with a Modular chassis design because as modern television receivers become more complex the problem of repairing the receiver becomes more difficult. As the number of components used in the television receiver increases the susceptibility to breakdown increases and it becomes more difficult to replace defective components as they are more closely spaced. The problem has become even more complicated with the increasing number of color television receivers in use. A color television receiver has a larger number of circuits of a higher degree of complexity than the black and white receiver and further a more highly trained serviceman is required to properly service the color television receiver.
Even with the great majority of the color television receiver malfunctions being of the "easy to find and repair" type proper servicing of color sets has been difficult to obtain due to the shortage of trained serviceman.
At the present time advances in the state of the semiconductor art have led to the increasing use of transistors in color television receivers. The receiver described in this application has only two tubes, the picture tube and the high voltage rectifier tube, all the other active components in the receiver being semiconductors.
One important characteristic of a semiconductor device is its extreme reliability in comparison with the vacuum tube. The number of transistor and integrated circuit failures in the television receiver will be very low in comparison with the failures of other components, the reverse of what is true in present day color television receivers. Thus most failures in future television receivers will be of the hard to service type and will require more highly qualified servicemen.
The primary symptoms of a television receiver malfunction are shown on the picture tube of the television receiver while the components causing the malfunction are located within the cabinet. Also many adjustments to the receiver require the serviceman to observe the screen. Thus the serviceman must use unsatisfactory mirror arrangements to remove the electronic chassis from the cabinet, usually a very difficult task. Further many components are "buried" in a maze of circuitry and other components so that they are difficult to remove and replace without damage to other components in the receiver.
Repairing a modern color television receiver often requires that the receiver be removed from the home and carried to a repair shop where it may remain for many weeks. This is an expensive undertaking since most receivers are bulky and heavy enough to require at least two persons to carry them. Further, two trips must be made to the home, one to pick up the receiver and one to deliver it. For these reasons, the cost of maintaining the color television receiver in operating condition often exceeds the initial cost of the receiver and is an important factor in determining whether a receiver will be purchased.
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the main electronic chassis is easily accessible for maintenance and adjustment. Another object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the electronic circuits are divided into a plurality of modules with the modules easily removable for service and maintenance. The main electronic chassis is slidably mounted within the cabinet so that it may be withdrawn, in the same manner as a drawer, to expose the electronic circuitry therein for maintenance and adjustment from the rear closure panel after easy removal. Another aspect is the capability to be serviced at eventually the home of the owner.
- A headphone jack connector ,side located, is present with a switch to exclude the internal speaker.
- These tellyes were offering excellent superb bright sharp picture and they were running warm.
Grundig AG
is (WAS) a German manufacturer of consumer electronics for
home entertainment which transferred to Turkish control in the
period 2004-2007. Established in 1945 in Nuremberg, Germany
by Max Grundig the company changed hands several times before
becoming part of the Turkish Koç Holding group. In 2007, after
buying control of the Grundig brand, Koc renamed its Beko Elektronik white goods
and consumer electronics division Grundig Elektronik A.Ş., which has
decided to merge with Arçelik A.Ş. as declared on February 27, 2009
Max Grundig (7
May 1908 – 8 December 1989) was the founder of electronics company
Grundig AG.Max Grundig is one of the leading business personalities of
West German post-war society, one of the men responsible for the German
“Wirtschaftswunder” (post-war economic boom).
GRUNDIG Early years
Max
Grundig was born in Nuremberg on May 7, 1908. His father died early, so
Max and his three sisters grew up in a home without a father. At 16,
Max Grundig began to be fascinated by radio technology, which at the
time was gaining in popularity. He built his first detector in the
family’s apartment, which he had turned into his own laboratory. In
1930, he turned his hobby into his profession and opened a shop for
radio sets in Fürth with an associate. The business prospered and soon
Grundig was able to employ his sisters and buy out his associate. By
1938, he was already manufacturing 30,000 small transformers.
GRUNDIG Success after World War II
Max
Grundig’s real success story began after World War II. On May 15, 1945,
Grundig opened a production facility for universal transformers at
Jakobinerstraße 24 in Fürth. Using machines and supplies from the war
era, he established the basis for what would turn into a global company
at this address. In addition to transformers, Grundig soon manufactured
tube-testing devices. As manufacturing radios was subject to a licence,
Grundig had the brilliant idea of developing a kit that would allow
anyone to quickly build a radio on their own. This kit was sold as a
“toy” called “Heinzelmann”.
Grundig became a real pioneer in consumer electronics. From 1951, the company’s portfolio also included the production and distribution of television sets, and dictaphones were added in 1954. The company was turned into a shareholding company, the Grundig AG, in 1971. In the 1970s, the company was one of the leading companies in Germany, employing more than 38,000 people in 1979. Max Grundig had built a strong company from the ruins of the war.
GRUNDIG and the rules are changing
In the second half of the 1970s, another innovation entered the market for consumer electronics, the VCR. And with the VCR, competitors from Japan and later other countries of the Far East entered the world market. Even though the European competitors Philips and Grundig had developed the superior technology for recording video, the Japanese VHS succeeded on the market. The rules of the game changed dramatically in the field of consumer electronics. The competition for establishing the video standard proved that companies could only succeed in consumer electronics with the financial power of global corporations. In 1979, Max Grundig decided to sell some shares to his Dutch competitor Philips, and in 1984 he began the process of restructuring the ownership of the Grundig companies, which would be completed two decades later.
Max Grundig died on December 8, 1989 in Baden-Baden. The Grundig name continues to be known to this day and is now a globally recognised brand for innovative consumer electronics. Max Grundig is remembered in Germany as a dynamic entrepreneur from the post-war era.
Max GRUNDIG: Born on 7 May 1908 in the Denis Street 3 in Nurembergworkers district Gostenhof Parents of "Magaziners" or warehouse worker Max Emil and his wife Marie. The enlargement of the family through the birth of three sisters require in the aftermath several moves within Nuremberg.
In 1920, his father died unexpectedly at the consequences of an appendectomy. The already poor family is financially worse rapidly. This is followed by further moves into ever smaller and cheaper housing. Max Grundig starts in April 1922 commercial apprenticeship at the installation company Jean Hilpert in Nuremberg. His interest lies in the crafting of radios, a hobby, the early 1920s was indulged by tech-savvy youngsters often. But Max Grundig tinkering not only simple radios, but also more complex technical equipment such as image receiver.(Photos refering to
Father and Mother of Max GRUNDIG child.)
After the end of his teaching is Max Grundig 1927 Head of a new branch of the company in Fürth Hilpert and supervised by commercial side of the installation work of the under construction Municipal Hospital Fürth. In May 1928 and in October 1930 Grundig also occurs on a radio dealer and take part in an event organized by Workers' Radio Association Germany on the occasion of Fürth Kirchweih 1930 radios exhibition. A first marriage in 1929 held only briefly. From her daughter Inge comes.
Following the closure of Fürth Branch company Hilpert for the finished installation works at the hospital, Max Grundig together with Karl Wurzer, who was funders primarily, on 15 November 1930 as a radio dealer in Sternstraße 4 in Fürth independently. Today this street Ludwig-Erhard-Straße is, since there - was directly opposite the first by Max Grundig Radio Load - - the business of the parents of the future economy minister and Chancellor Ludwig Erhard (1977 1897).
His radio action called Max Grundig "Radio Sales Fürth" short RVF. On June 21, 1934, a procession of RVF in the Schwabacher Straße carried 1. The partnership Karl Wurzer is paid, Max Grundig is now the sole owner. In addition to selling and repairing radios Grundig starts construction of transformers. In 1938, he is Sales millionaire. In the same year he married the singer and manufacturer's daughter Annelie Jorgensen. The marriage remains childless.
During the Second World War Grundig continues its production of small transformers continued on a larger scale in the Fürth suburb Vach, where he rents rooms in three inns. He himself is in 1941 drafted into the army, some time must remain as a corporal in Paris, but shortly before his entire company is reassigned to the East - also because of its possibilities, to provide supervisors with radios - "indispensable" (uk) provided and forwards Fuerth his company to continue the war.
On 18 May 1945, the US Army occupied the suburb Vach. Grundig's stock will not be plundered, neither of German or foreign looters nor by the US military because the workforce that consists partly of Ukrainian slave laborers, has a sign "Off limits" - "no trespassing" - at the door, protects the company. In June 1945, Grundig rented a factory building in the Jakobinenstraße 24 in Fürth. are manufactured now transformers and measuring instruments: The tube tester "Tubatest" and the fault locator "Nova Test". The commercial license is replaced by the Radio-sales Fürth on 7 November 1945. In December 1945, Grundig has 42 employees.
On April 10, 1946 Max Grundig starts own production of radios.
His first instrument is the "Heinzelmann"
This radio can also complete as a kit or under the hand, but are always
acquired without tubes. But the tubes are widely available on the black
markets of the early postwar years. Since a wireless without tubes per
se is not operational, allowing the American military government Max
Grundig, "no quota", ie without limitation in quantity, produce radio
and distribute. With the mass sale of "Heinzelmann" Max Grundig creates
the basis for further economic success of the company as a manufacturing
company after the Second World War.As of August 1, 1946 is the company "RVF - Electrotechnical Factory". Beginning in March 1947, work began in the Kurgartenstraße 37 in Fuerth, the later main plant of the company Grundig. On 7 July 1948 re-naming of the company is carried out in "Grundig radio-Werk GmbH". As of spring 1948, the superhit radio "Weltklang" comes on the market. In February 1949, the 100,000th Wireless is already prepared. In the same year built a Grundig FM radio stations trying to prepare for the introduction of the ultra-short wave on 15 March 1950. In December 1949 the company Grundig counts 1,600 employees.
In May 1951 Max Grundig acquires Lumophon radio stations in Nuremberg and Georgensgmünd and integrates them into its "Grundig radio-Werke GmbH". In September and October 1951, he is with a purpose-built television station Directorate building his company in Fürth the first public television broadcasts in Southern Germany. he produced 94 televisions this year. The production of tape recorders starts 1951st
1954 lets Max Grundig his first dictation machine, the "Stenorette" build. In 1957 he buys the office machine manufacturer Triumph-Adler in Nuremberg and Adler in Frankfurt that remain until 1968 in his possession. In 1958 he founds the Grundig Bank in Fürth. In the same year, with the introduction of the transistor instead of the Radio tube, penetrate the first Japanese companies like Sony in the European and German market, initially still in the lowest price segment. 1960 Grundig has 16,495 employees.
The 1960s are marked by the further expansion of the company: Grundig is the biggest radio manufacturer in Europe. In 1961 he acquired a large area in Nuremberg-Langwasser, on the 1963 first tape recorders are produce
d. In other parts of Germany companies to buy or newly built shortly afterwards in Italy and Austria.1964 leads the Dutch company Philips in tape recorders, the compact cassette CC and thus the cassette recorder, and it initially in the lower price range. The leader Grundig countered in 1965 with the cassette system DC International, but can not prevail.
After 1967, the beginning of color television initially causes a strong boom in the production of related hardware. This results not only in their own country overcapacity, but the Japanese competition suppressed due to lower wages and production costs at the same time always noticeable with affordable devices on the European and German market.
1969 bring the company Philips and Grundig together the first video recorder for home appliances on the market. It is still a tape machine. But soon the world led the struggle for the enforcement of various video cassette systems begins.
In 1970, Grundig has approximately 25,000 employees. This year, Max Grundig builds to his company. He built on 22 February 1970, the "Max Grundig Foundation", added on 12 March 1970, the "Grundig-family club". The Max Grundig Foundation is now the sole owner. In addition, on 1 April 1972, the "Grundig-Werke GmbH" in a corporation, the "Grundig AG" converted. The foundation holds about 94% of the capital.
From 1970, the television production is relocated to Nuremberg-Langwasser. The expectations regarding equipment sales for the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich true. With the Super-Color TVs a new product range is presented in a modular design. In Nuremberg-Langwasser, daily production reached 1,200 color TV.
1977 founds the Grundig "Hotel Management Max Grundig Foundation". The Hotel Forsthaus Fuerth and Hotel Fuschl near Salzburg to buy. A year later Grundig donates 30 million DM for the "Grundig Academy of Economics and Technology", which serves the training of professionals and executives. 1978 produced in Langwasser also a new VCR plant.
Increasingly Max Grundig is weakened by illness, repeated he needs surgery. The European consumer electronics industry is committed to strategies against existing overcapacity and the growing economic influence of companies from the Far East. In Europe, these are mainly the French state company Thomson-Brandt, the Dutch company Philips and Grundig.
The cooperation with the Dutch company Philips thickens in the VCR production. In 1979 share swaps. Philips makes 24.5% of the shares of Grundig AG, Grundig 6% of Philips and is thereby the largest single shareholder.
1979 achieved the Grundig AG with 38,460 employees
worldwide their personal peak.
The company has 31 plants, nine branches with 20 branches and three
Werksvertretungen, eight sales companies and 200 worldwide export
missions. Also, sales continue to rise. But the profit is shrinking. In
1981, the Grundig AG writes first losses. After divorcing his second
wife Annelie Max Grundig marries 1980, the French woman Chantal Girard.
In the same year the daughter Marie was born.1982 at the presentation of "Eduard Rhein honor ring" and before the European Commission, presents Max Grundig be EURO concept, the united front of the European consumer electronics market to Japanese companies: "Acting together, jointly produce, market share". But he can not prevail. Too much stalking and distrusts you also mutually in the European broadcasting industry. And Japan is not the only competitor. An agreement between the companies Grundig and Thomson-Brandt, which is scheduled also built in 1982, can - among other things due to the resistance of the Bundeskartellamt and because the company Philips is involved in Grundig - not be implemented.
On 26 March 1984 Philips increased its share of Grundig AG by 7.1% to 31.6%. In April 1984, the Federal Cartel Office approved the merger of Grundig and Philips under the condition that Grundig sells its voice recorders range. New CEO of Grundig AG is the Dutchman Hermanus Koning on April 1 (1924 - 1998). From 1984 to 1998, the Dutch have entrepreneurial saying. Max Grundig receives for his departure from the company, among other things a guaranteed 20-year-income annual return of 50 million marks.
Not quite voluntarily leaving Max Grundig the company he has built up and which bears his name. But there can be only one boss. 1985 must Grundig also his top job at the Grundig-Bank ad, which is sold to a Swiss institute.
Grundig expands its hotel ownership, 1986, he acquired the luxury hotel "Bühlerhöhe", which he renovated at great expense. On 8 December 1989 Max Grundig dies. Under great public participation he will be buried in Baden-Baden.
After a brief economic boom as a result of German reunification takes place until 1991 a rapid decline of the company Grundig. Between 1992 and 1996 the Grundig Group makes almost two billion marks loss. The number of employees decreased from 16,250 to 8,580 employees.
1998, the Philips Group withdraws. According to its own description Philips has been paying 1.5 billion marks. A consortium of banks and insurance companies under the leadership of the antenna manufacturer Kathrein, the personally liable partners of Kathrein Werke KG, takes on 18 December 1998 the Grundig AG.
In 2000 and 2001, the company headquarters and the remaining departments of Fürth be routed to Nuremberg. But Grundig continues to make losses. On 1 April 2003, Grundig AG announces insolvency.
2004 Turkey company Beko electronics in Istanbul, belonging to the Turkish Koc Holding, together with the British company Alba Radio Ltd. accepts the division consumer electronics. This company is now called "Grundig Intermedia". Both companies each own fifty percent of "Grundig Multimedia B.V.", which is a holding full ownership of Grundig Intermedia GmbH. In addition, proceeds from the office equipment division as buy-out the company "Grundig Business Systems" produced. The car radio range is taken from the Delphi Corporation, the activities of the former Grundig range satellites for "Grundig SAT Systems GmbH".
In October 2006 and January 2007, two production lines for TV at Grundig Elektronik in Istanbul are put into operation. On 18 December 2007, Koç Group acquires through its subsidiary Arçelik A.S. the shares of Alba plc. And that is the sole owner of Grundig Multimedia B.V. or the Grundig Intermedia GmbH. The development area in Nuremberg closes the end of 2008 as part of an ending in 2009 the restructuring process. When Grundig headquarters in Nuremberg with around 140 employees Sales, marketing, communications, design, quality assurance, customer service and the office staff remain. The Turkish Grundig Intermedia GmbH is now divided into six product areas: TV, Audio, HiFi, "Personal Care", "Floor Care" and kitchen appliances.
The Radio Museum in Fürth, located in the former Directorate of Max Grundig, shows in addition to the history of the development of broadcasting in Germany and the corporate and entrepreneurial story of Max Grundig, the man who the radio and television development in Germany after the Second World War three has for decades dominated the market leader.
He was married lastly to Chantal Grundig.
Early history
Grundig in Belfast
Philips takeover
In
1972, Grundig GmbH became Grundig AG. After this Philips
began to gradually accumulate shares in the company over the
course of many years, and assumed complete control in 1993.
Philips resold Grundig to a Bavarian consortium in 1998 due to
unsatisfactory performance.Later history
...........................................The Federal Republic of Germany: Industry perspective......
For more than thirty years after the Second World War, consumer
electronics in West Germany, as elsewhere, was a growth industry.
Output growth in the industry was sustained by buoyant consumer
demand for successive generations of new or modified products,
such as radios (which had already begun to be manufactured, of
course, before the Second World War), black-and-white and then
colour television sets, hi-fi equipment.” Among the largest West
European states, West Germany had by far the strongest industry.
Even as recently as 1982, West Germany accounted for 60 per cent
of the consumer electronics production in the four biggest EEC
states. The West German industry developed a strong export
orientation--in the early 1980s as much as 60 per cent of West
German production was exported, and West Germany held a larger
share of the world marltet than any other national industry apart
from the]apanese.ltwas also technologicallyextremelyinnovative-
the first tape recorders, the PAL colour television technology, and
the technology which later permitted the development of the video
cassette recorder all originated in West Germany.
The standard-bearers of the West German consumer electronics
industry were the owner-managed firm, Grundig, and Telefunken,
which belonged to the electrical engineering conglomerate, AEG-
Telefunlten. The technological innovations for which the West
German industry became famous all stemmed from the laboratories
of Telefunlten, which, in the 19605, still constituted one of AEG’s
most profitable divisions. Telefunlcen and Grundig together prob-
ably accounted for around one-third of employment in the German
Industry in the mid-1970s. Both had extensive foreign production
facilities. At the same time, compared with the other EEC states,
there was still a relatively large number of small and medium-sized
consumer electronics firms in Germany. Besides Grundig and
Telefunken, the biggest were Blaupunkt, a subsidiary of Bosch, the
automobile components manufacturer, Siemens, and the sub-
sidiaries of the ITT-owned firm, SEL. Up until the late 1970s, there
was relatively little foreign-owned manufacturing capacity in the
West German consumer electronics industry.
GOVERNMENTS, MARKETS, AND REGULATION
During the 1970s, this picture of a strong West German
consumer electronics industry began slowly to change and, by the
end of the 19705, colour television manufacture no longer offered a
guarantee for the continued prosperity or even survival of the
German industry. The market for colour television sets was
increasingly saturated——by 1978 56 per cent of all households in
West Germany had a colour television set and 93 per cent of all
households possessed a television set of some kind.2° From 1978
onwards, the West German market for colour television sets began
to contract. Moreover, the PAL patents began to expire around
1980 and the West German firms then became exposed to more
intense competition on the (declining) domestic market.
The West German firms’ best chances for maintaining or
expanding output and profitability lay in their transition to the
manufacture of a new generation of consumer electronics products,
that of the video cassette recorder (VCR). Between 1978 and 1983,
the West German market for VCRs expanded more than tenfold, so
that, by the latter year, VCRs accounted for over a fifth of the
overall consumer electronics market.“ However, in this product
segment, Grundig was the only West German firm which, in
conjunction with Philips, managed to establish a foothold, while
the other firms opted to assemble and/or sell VCRs manufactured
according to one or the other of the two Japanese video
technologies. By 1981, the West German VCR market was more
tightly in the grip of Japanese firms than any other segment of the
market. More than any other, this development accounted for the
growing crisis of the West German consumer electronics industry in
the early 1980s. The West German market stagnated, production
declined as foreign firms conquered a growing share of the
domestic market and this trend was not offset by an expansion of
exports, production processes were rationalized to try to cut costs
as prices fell, employment contracted,” and more and more plants
were either shut down or—more frequently——taken over.
The relationship between the state and the consumer electronics industry in the long post-war economic ‘boom’ was of the ‘arm’s length’ kind which corresponded to the West German philosophy
of the ‘social market economy’. The state's role was confined largely to ‘holding the ring’ for the firms and trying to ensure by means of competition policy that mergers and take-overs did not enable any single firm or group of firms to achieve a position of market domination and suspend the ‘free play of market forces’.
The implementation of competition policy was the responsibility of the Federal Cartel Office (FCO), which must be informed of any planned mergers or take-overs if the two firms each have a turnover
exceeding 1 DM billion or one of them has a turnover of more than
2 DM billion. The FCC must reject any proposed merger which, in
its view, would lead to the emergence of a, or strengthen any
existing, position of market domination.“
Decisions of the FCO may be contested in the Courts, and firms
whose merger or take-over plans have been rejected by the Cartel
Office may appeal for permission to proceed with their plans to the
Federal Economics Minister. He is empowered by law to grant such
permission when it is justified by an ‘overriding public interest’ or
‘macroeconomic benefits’, which may relate to competitiveness on
export markets, employment, and defence or energy policy.”
However, the state had no positive strategy for the consumer
electronics industry and industry, for its part, appeared to have no
demands on the state, other than that, through its macroeconomic
policies, it should provide a favourable business environment. This
situation changed only when, as from the late 1970s onwards, the
Japanese export offensive in consumer electronics plunged the West
German industry into an even deeper crisis.
The Politics of European Restructuring
The burgeoning crisis of not only the West German, but also the
other national consumer electronics industries in the EC in the
early 1980s prompted pleas from the firms (and also organized
labour) for protective intervention by the state——by the European
Community as well as by its respective national Member States.
The partial ‘Europeanization’ of consumer electronics politics
reflected the strategies chosen and pursued by the major European
firms to try to counter, or avoid, the Japanese challenge. These
strategies contained two major elements: measures of at least
temporary protection against Japanese imports to give the firms
breathing space to build up or modernize their production
capacities and improve their competitiveness uis-ci-uis the Japanese
and partly also to put pressure on the Japanese to establish
production facilities in Europe and produce under the same
conditions as the European firms and (b), through mergers, take-
overs, and co-operation agreements, to regroup forces with the aim
of achieving similar economies of scale to those enjoyed by the most
powerful Japanese firms. The first element of these strategies
implicated the European Community in so far as it is responsible
for the trade policies of its Member States. The second element did
not necessarily involve the European Community, but had a Euro-
pean dimension to the extent that most of the take-overs and mergers
envisaged in the restructuring of the industry involved firms from
two or more of the EEC Member States, including the French state-
owned Thomson (see above). As this ‘regrouping of the forces’ of
the European consumer electronics industry was to unfold at first
largely on the West German market, the firms could only
implement their strategies once they had obtained the all-clear of
the FCO or, failing that, of the Federal Economics Ministry.
The Politics of Video Recorder Trade between japan and the EEC:
The Dutch-based multinational conglomerate, Philips, was the first
firm in the world to bring a VCR on to the market. Between 1972
and 1975, it had no competitors at all in VCR manufacture and, as
late as 1977, it split up the European market with Grundig, with
which Philips developed the V2000 VCR which came on to the
market in 1980. By this time, the Japanese consumer electronics
firms had already built up massive VCR production capacities and
had cornered first their own market and then, unchallenged by the
European firms, the American as well. With the advantage of much
greater economies of scale, they were able to manufacture and offer
VCRs more cheaply than Philips and Grundig when the VCR
market did eventually ‘take off‘ in Western Europe. German
imports of VCRs, for example, increased almost eightfold between
1978 and 1981.2
The immediate background to the calls for protection against
imported Japanese VCRs by European VCR manufacturing firms
was formed by massive cuts in price
consequence of which, in 1982, the market share held by the V2000
VCR manufactured by Philips and Grundig declined sharply.”
Losses incurred in VCR manufacture led to a dramatic worsening
of Grundig’s financial position. In November 1982 Philips and
Grundig announced that they were considering taking a dumping
case against the Japanese to the European Commission. The case,
which was later withdrawn, can be seen as the first move in a
political campaign designed to secure controls or restraints on
Japanese VCR exports to the EEC states. This campaign was
pursued at the national and European levels, both through the
national and European trade associations for consumer electronics
firms and particularly through direct intervention by the firms at
the national governments and the European Commission. However,
the European firms, many of whom had licensing agreements with
the Japanese, were far from being united behind it.
Philips, seconded by its VCR partner, Grundig, was the ‘real
protagonist’ of protectionist measures against Japanese VCRs. In
pressing their case on EEC member states and the European
Commission, they emphasized the unfair trading practices of the
Japanese in building up production capacities which could meet the
entire world demand for VCRs (‘laser-beaming’), and the threats
which the Japanese export offensive posed to jobs in Western
Europe and to the maintenance of the firms’ R. 8: D. capacity and
technological know-how. Above all, however, was the threat which
the crisis in VCR trade and the consumer electronics industry
generally posed to the survival of a European microelectronic
components industry, over half of whose output, according to
Grundig, was absorbed in consumer electronics products.”
These arguments found by all accounts a very receptive audience
at the European Commission, where, by common consent of
German participants in the policy-formation process, Philips wields
great political influence. By all accounts, Philips‘s pressure was also
responsible for the conversion to the protectionist camp of the
Dutch Government, which hitherto had been a bastion of free trade
philosophy within the EEC. By imposing unilateral import controls
through the channelling of imported VCRs through the customs
depot at Poitiers (see above), the French Government had already
staked out its position on VCR trade with Japan. It presumably
required no convincing by Philips and Grundig on the issue,
although it is interesting to speculate over the extent to which its
stance also reflected the preferences of Thomson which in the past
had been the ‘chief of the protectionists’ in the European
industry.”
With the Dutch Government having been shifted into the
protectionist camp by Philips, the greatest resistance to the
mposition of some form of import controls on Japanese VCRs
could have been expected to come from the West German
Government. Along with the Danish and (hitherto) the Dutch
Governments, the West German Government had generally been
the stoutest defender of free trade among the EEC Member States.
The Federal Economics Ministry’s antipathy towards import
controls may in fact have had some impact on the form of
protection ultimately agreed by the EEC Council of Ministers,
which was a ‘voluntary self-restraint agreement’ with japan.
However, even such self-restraint agreements had in the past been
vetoed by West Germany in the Council. The West German
Government’s abstention in the vote on the agreement in the
Council of Ministers signified if not a radical, then none the less a
significant, modification of its past trade policy.
Within the Bonn Economics Ministry, the section for the
electrical engineering industry-—characteristically—had the most
receptive attitude to the V2000 firms’ case. Elsewhere in the
Ministry, in the trade and European policy and policy principles
divisions and at the summit, the Ministry’s traditional policy in
favour of free trade was given up much more reluctantly. The
Ministry did not oppose the voluntary restraint agreement after it
had been negotiated, but it may be questioned whether the
Ministry’s acquiescence in the agreement was motivated solely by its
feeling of impotence vis-£1-vis the united will of the other Member
States. Abstaining on the vote in the Council of Ministers enabled
the V2000 protectionist lobby to reap its benefits without the West
German Government being held responsible for its implementation.
The Govemment’s abstention may equally have been the result of
the pressure exerted on the Economics Ministry by the V2000
firms, particularly Philips and Grundig, both of which engaged in
bilateral talks with the Ministry, and from the consumer electronics
sub-association of the electrical engineering trade association of the
ZVEI (Zentralverband der Elektrotechnischen lndustrie), in which
a majority of the member firms had sided with Philips and Grundig.
The Ministry, by its own admission, did not listen as closely to the
firms which were simply marketing Japanese VCRs as to those
which actually manufactured VCRs in Europe: ‘we were interested
in increasing the local content (of VCRs) to preserve jobs.’
The success of the V2000 firms in obtaining any agreement at all
from the Japanese to restrain their exports of VCRs to the EEC
does not mean that they were happy with all aspects of the
agreement, least of all with its contents concerning VCR prices and
concrete quotas which were agreed with the Japanese. As the
market subsequently expanded less rapidly than the European
Commission had anticipated, the quota allocated to Japanese
imports (including the ‘kits’ assembled by European licensees of
Japanese firms) amounted to a larger share of the market than
expected and the European VCR manufacturers did not sell as
many VCRs as the agreement provided. Ironically, within a year of
the adoption of the agreement, both Philips and Grundig announced
that they were beginning to manufacture VCRs according to the
Japanese VHS technology and by the time the agreement had
expired (to be superceded by increased tariffs for VCRs) in 1985,
the two firms had stopped manufacturing V2000 VCRs altogether.
The Politics of Transnational European Mergers and Take-overs
The wave of merger and take-over activity in the European
consumer electronics industry which peaked around 1982 and
1983 had begun in West Gemany in the late 1970s, when Thomson
swallowed up several of the smaller West German firms- Normende,
Dual, and Saba ...and Philips, apparently reacting to the threat it
perceived Thomson as posing to its West German interests, bought
a 24.5 per cent shareholding in Grundig.3° The frenzied series of
successful and unsuccessful merger and take-over bids which
unfolded in 1982 and 1983 is inseparable from the growing crisis of
the European industry and the major European firms’ perceptions
as to how they could restructure in order to survive in the face of
Japanese competition.
German market was Telefunken, for which AEG, itself in desperate
financial straits, had been seeking a buyer since the late 1970s.
Telefunken’s heavy indebtedness, which was largely a consequence
of losses it had incurred in its foreign operations, posed a
formidable obstacle to its disposal, however, and first Thomson,
which had bought AEG’s tube factory, and then Grundig, baulked
at taking it on as long as AEG had not paid off its debts. While talks
on Telefunken’s possible sale to Grundig were still going on in
1982, Grundig’s own financial position was quickly worsening as a
result primarily of its mounting losses in VCR manufacture.
Grundig confessed publicly that if the firm carried on five more years as it was doing, it would ‘go under like AEG’, which, in summer 1982, had become insolvent. Grundig intensified his search for stronger partners, which he had apparently begun by talking with Siemens in 1981. In late 1982, at the same time as Grundig and Philips were pressing for curbs on Japanese VCR imports, Grundig floated the idea of creating, based around Grundig, a European consumer electronics ‘superfirm’ involving Philips, Thomson, Bosch, Siemens, SEL, and Telefunken. Most of the prospective participants in such a venture were unenthusiastic
about Grundig’s plans, however, and the outcome of Grundig’s
search for a partner or partners to secure its survival was that
Thomson offered to buy a 75.5 per cent shareholding in the firm.
Political opinion in West Germany was overwhelmingly, if not
indeed uniformly, hostile to Thomson’s plan to take over Grundig.
The political difficulties which Thomson and Grundig faced in
securing special ministerial permission for their deal were exacer-
bated by the probability of job losses given a rapidly deteriorating
labour market situation, and by the fact that, as late as 1982 and
early 1983, an election campaign was in progress. Moreover, the
Federal Economics Ministry was apparently concerned that, if
Thomson took over Grundig, the West German Government would
have been exposed to the danger of trade policy blackmail from the
French Government, which could then have demanded increased
protection for the European consumer electronics industry as the
price for Thomson not running down employment at Grundig (and
in other West German subsidiaries).
The decisive obstacle to Thomson's taking over Grundig,
however, lay not with the position of the Federal Economics
Ministry (or that of the Government or the FCO or the Deutsche
Bank), but rather in that of Grundig’s minority shareholder,
Philips. Against expectations, the FCO announced that it would
approve the take-over, but only provided that Philips gave up its
shareholding in Grundig and that Grundig also abandoned its plans
to assume control of Telefunken. As talks on Grundig’s plan to take
over Telefunken had already been suspended, the latter condition
posed no problem to Thomson’s taking over Grundig.
Once it had been put on the spot by the FCO's decision, Philips
was forced to leave its cover and declare that it would not withdraw
from Grundig. Apart from its general concern at being confronted
with an equally strong competitor on the European consumer
electronics market, Philips’s motives in thwarting Thomson's take-
over of Grundig were probably twofold. First, Thomson evidently
did not want to commit itself to continue manufacturing VCRs
according to the Philips—-Grundig V2000 technology, but wanted
rather to keep the Japanese (VHS) option open and, according to its
public declarations, to work with Grundig on the development of a
new generation of VCRs. Secondly, Philips was, ahead of Siemens,
Grundig’s biggest components supplier, with annual sales to
Grundig worth several hundred million Deutschmarks. lf Thomson
had taken over Grundig, this trade would have been lost.
A sequel to the failure of Thomson's bid for Grundig was that in
1984, with bank assistance, Philips assumed managerial control of
Grundig. Thus, at the end of this phase of the restructuring
programme of the European consumer electronics industry, two
main groups have emerged, one centred around Philips, the other
around Thomson, and Blaupunkt is the only significant firm in
West Germany left under West German control. But a common
European response (i.e. one involving Philips and Thomson) to the
Japanese challenge of the kind which Max Grundig
had envisagedin 1982 had not come about, and may be less likely given
Thomson’s acquisitions in Britain and the US which make it a much
more powerful competitor to Philips. But the acceleration in
Japanese and also Korean inward investment in Europe in 1986-7,
especially in VCR production where there are now a total of twenty
Far Eastern-owned plants, suggests that the process of restructuring
within Europe is far from complete.
The recent experience of the European consumer electronics
industry points to the critical role of the framework and instruments
of regulation in trying to account for the different responses of the
various national industries and governments to the challenges
posed by growing Japanese competitive strength and technological
leadership. At one extreme is self-regulation by individual firms,
where governments eschew any attempt to determine the responses
which particular firms make to changing market conditions, whilst
adopting policy regimes such as tax and tariff structures and
openness to inward investment which critically affect the conditions
under which self-regulation takes place." At the other extreme is
regulation by government intervention at the level of firm strategy,
where governments seek specific policy outcomes by offering
specific forms of inducement to selected firms and denying them to
others.”
it Werkstatt. Bald fabriziert der Betrieb auch
Transformatoren und Spulen, später zudem Prüfgeräte. 1934 zahlt Grundig
den Teilhaber und Freund Karl Wurzer aus. 1938 beträgt der Umsatz mehr
als 1 Mio. RM. Während des Krieges fabriziert Grundig im Dorf Vach mit
etwa 600 Personen, darunter vielen Ukrainerinnen, Kleintrafos,
elektrische Zünder und Steuergeräte für die V-Raketen. Das
Grundig-Vermögen schätzt man am Kriegsende auf 17,5 Mio. RM erweitert.Am 16. Mai 1951 übernimmt Grundig die Lumophon-Werke (ebenfalls in Fürth) für den Betrag von 1,7 Mio. DM. Im gleichen Jahr entstehen erste Grundig-Tonbandgeräte. 1952 beginnt die Produktion von Fernsehgeräten. Das Unternehmen beschäftigt nun 6000 Personen und feiert am 12. Mai 1952 den millionsten Rundfunkempfänger. Die Baureihe von 1952/53 ist erstmals technisch und formal einheitlich gestaltet, wobei Grundig die prinzipielle Form bis 1956/57 beibehält. Ausser Typ 810 mit Flankengleichrichter enthalten alle Geräte einen integrierten FM-Teil mit Ratiodetektor. 1955 bezeichnet sich Grundig als den grössten Tonbandgeräte-Hersteller der Welt. 1956 kauft er das Telefunken-Rundfunkgerätewerk Dachau [639071]. 1959 besteht Grundig aus sieben Werken, zwei Tochtergesellschaften plus einer Neugründung in den USA. 1964 übernimmt Grundig die Tonfunk-Werke, Karlsruhe. 1969 beteiligt sich Grundig mehrheitlich an der Kaiser-Radio in Kenzingen. Max Grundig ist seit 1970 gesundheitlich angeschlagen.
Eine detaillierte Firmengeschichte enthält das 1983 erschienene Buch: «Sieben Tage im Leben des Max Grundig» von Egon Fein.
Allerdings lässt sich aus [481, Saba] auch wenig Schmeichelhaftes über das Machtstreben von Max Grundig erfahren.
1984 erhöht Philips die Beteiligung um 7 % und übernimmt die unternehmerische Verantwortung. 1986/87 kann das Unternehmen mit noch 19'500 Mitarbeitern wieder schwarze Zahlen schreiben. 1987/88 beschäftigt Grundig noch 18'700 Personen bei einem Umsatz von
3,2 Mrd. DM, wovon 90 % auf die Unterhaltungselektronik entfallen. In diesem Geschäftsjahr verlassen 2 Mio. Farbfernsehgeräte und 750'000 Videorecorder die Bänder. Max Grundig stirbt im Dezember 1989 [639071] - letztlich hatte er nicht das vierblättrige, sondern das dreiblättrige Kleeblatt als Firmenemblem gewählt.
Philips hat das Unternehmen vollständig übernommen. Mitte 90er Jahre beschäftigt Grundig noch 8000 Personen. Eine detaillierte Firmengeschichte findet sich in «kleeblatt radio» ab 5/93 des Förderverein des Rundfunkmuseums der Stadt Fürth eV.
1998 verkaufte Philips das Unternehmen an ein Konsortium unter Führung von Anton Kathrein von den Kathrein-Werken. Im Jahre 2001 wurde bei einem Umsatz von 1,2 Milliarden Euro ein Verlust von 150 Millionen Euro erwirtschaftet. Daher verlängerten die Banken im Herbst 2002 die Kreditlinien nicht mehr, was zur Insolvenz im April 2003 führte. In der Folgezeit wurden gewinnbringende Sparten (wie z.B. Bürogeräte, Autoradios) aus dem Konzern herausgelöst und einzeln verkauft. Verlustreiche Sparten wurden stillgelegt und die Mitarbeiter entlassen. Heute erhältliche Neuware von Grundig ist kaum noch "made in Germany".
References:
Einzelnachweise:
Stephan Maurer: Ein Jahr nach der Grundig-Insolvenz. In: Stern.de. 27. Juni 2004, abgerufen am 26. Juli 2013.Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 7 f., 11 f.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 8.
Stephan Maurer: 100 Jahre Max Grundig: Pionier des Wirtschaftswunders. stern.de, 7. Mai 2008, abgerufen am 26. Juli 2013.
Hans Knoll: Ursprünge des Radiobaukastens „Heinzelmann“, S. 14. In: Rundfunk und Museum. Zeitschrift des Rundfunkmuseums der Stadt Fürth, Heft 71, Dezember 2009, S. 9–16.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 9, 17 ff.
Vgl. z. B. Nürnberger Nachrichten v. 28. September 1951, S. 3: „Fernseh-Uraufführung in Fürth“; der Sender strahlte täglich um 11, 14 u. 16 Uhr einen Spielfilm aus, der in Nürnberg u. Fürth empfangen werden konnte.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 9, 17 ff.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 9, 71 ff, 121 ff.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 9 f.
Aus dem Ruder, In: Der Spiegel 9/1985, abgerufen am 21. September 2015.
Alexander Mayer: Grundig und das Wirtschaftswunder. Reihe Arbeitswelten, Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86680-305-3, S. 10.
Grundig meldet Insolvenz an. Computerwoche, 14. April 2003, abgerufen am 26. Juli 2013.
Thiemo Heeg: Grundig ist wieder da. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 29. August 2012, abgerufen am 21. November 2013.
Abschied von Nürnberg: Grundig-TV verlässt die Region. In: Nordbayern.de vom 7. April 2016.
Uwe Ritzer: Grundig verabschiedet sich aus Nürnberg In: Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 11. April 2016, S. 33.
"GRUNDIG – Unterhaltungselektronik & Haushaltsgeräte". Grundig.de. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Grundig History - From The Foundations To Present". Grundig.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2018."Arçelik A.Ş. marks IFA Fair with two giant brands". Arcelikas.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Make your home the best place to be with appliances from Grundig". Thetimes.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"UPDATE 2-Turkey's Arcelik, Grundig announce merger". Reuters.com. 27 February 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
""Grundig Home" – The Best Place to Be - K!TCHN® Mag". ktchnmag.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"ARÇELİK A.Ş., LEAVES ITS MARK AT THE IFA FAIR WITH ITS BEKO AND GRUNDIG BRANDS". Arcelikas.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-10-23. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
Melaugh, Dr Martin. "CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1980". cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Design News". Design News. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
Deleon, Nicholas. "Grundig U900 Single Core Linux-Based Cellphone Looks Like It Belongs in 2002". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Sponsoring: Grundig zeigt Flagge in der Fußball-Bundesliga". Horizont.net. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Grundig expands FC Nurnberg sponsorship". Sportbusiness.com. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"From Postenligaen to Grundigligaen - The Norwegian American". Na-weekly.com. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Global Food Losses and Food Waste" (PDF). Fao.org. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"Key facts on food loss and waste you should know!". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Respect Food grundig.com". Grundig.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
"Grundig partners with Massimo Bottura's first international 'Food for Soul' project – Innovative Electrical Retailing". Innovativeelectricalretailing.co.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
"GRUNDIG – Unterhaltungselektronik & Haushaltsgeräte". Grundig.de. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
"GRUNDIG – Unterhaltungselektronik & Haushaltsgeräte". Grundig.de. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
