The MAGNADYNE MOD. CR93 is a 19 inches B/W television and a fumè front heavy dark glass.
Backside VHF and UHF 300 ohm antenna inputs and usual controls for frame / line amplitude and frequency.
- Tuning is with 2 programs selection with VHF and UHF channels selectors and manual tone controls and classic brightness / contrast / volume.
These sets were cheap and branded even with other names:ETERPHON KENNEDY RAYMOND VISIOLA and DAMAITER.
- the set is almost completely tubes based.
- Was first model series with a UHF tuner transistorized.
The tellye here in collection is a ELCIT branded .MAGNADYNE.
In Brief ........... SEIMART / ELCIT and its conglomerate was even proprietary of brands like:
ETERPHON KENNEDY RAYMOND VISIOLA and DAMAITER.
and
ELCIT Was even proprietary of the MAGNADYNE brand which WAS a radio and Television well known brand.
In the 1960 the society was joined and aquired by SEIMART because of a market contraction which landed to GEPI a new society which re - founded ELCIT.
The conglomerate of ELCIT AND SEIMART which was a joint developed by GEPI a government special system invented to "save" industry with "some" difficulties (!!!) was unified.
and;
The following sub brands were even from the group but were specialized in other fields like
preparing materials, developing parts and other jobs like domestic appliances and even CRT TUBE manufacutring.
NEOHM was a resistor fabricant and was part of the group
Basically the industry group was completely autonomous exept for semiconductors which were coming from other well known brands and manufacturers.
RADSET
NEOHM was a resistor fabricant and was part of the group conglomerate and components factory.
STAMPLAST
STAMFER
CIRSTA
FRIMAX
FINPLAST (PLASTIC)
VALVEX (CRT TUBES)
ELCIT died in 1998 by typically Italian Industry Destroy culture and all workers and employee landed.......... on the street !!!!!!!!!!!!!
The Magnadyne Radio, known simply as Magnadyne, was an Italian manufacturer of consumer electronics, electronic components and household appliances in Turin, controlled by the financial holding INFIN S.a.s., active from 1928 to 1955, among the largest in its field at the national level. Ceased to exist as a company, it became a simple commercial brand, which after the bankruptcy of INFIN in 1972, passed under other properties.
The company Magnadyne Radio was founded in 1928 in Turin on the initiative of Mr. Mario Pesce with Mr. Paolo Dequarti as a silent partner, from the change of name of Accumulatori Ohm, owned by the same Pesce. The object of the new company was the construction of radios, electric accumulators and refrigerators.
Its registered office was located in Via Sant'Ambrogio 8, in the Turin district of Pozzo Strada, in the building owned by Pesce, and next to it, at number 10, stood the shed where its activities were carried out, owned by Candido Viberti.
At the time of its establishment, the number of workers employed was of 20 units.
The development of the company was rapid and its products exceeded in sales on the Italian market, larger companies such as CGE, FIMI-Phonola, Philips and Radiomarelli.
In 1931, Magnadyne took part for the first time in an exhibition, the III National Exhibition of Radio in Milan, where was presented the four-valve radio M10.
Three years later, in 1934, at the VI edition of the same exhibition, Magnadyne took part in the exhibition of radio receivers of popular type, organized by the Ente Radio Rurale and the National Research Council, sponsored by the Ministry of Communications, and presented three, four and five valves radio receivers, and four and five valves radiophonographs.
The number of employees employed by the Turin company reached 300 units in 1936, and grew further the following year, in 1937, when Dequarti took over the S.A. ing. Clemente Diena & C., a company producing telegraphic equipment that employed 61 people and was located in Via Avellino 6, in the San Donato area, whose name was changed to Magnadyne S.A..
The equipment was entirely produced by the Turin company, both in their internal electronic part - except for the thermionic valves supplied by third parties - and in the external part, i.e. the ebony casing.
The production criteria were modern, based on the industrial production of large-scale series.
Magnadyne, on the eve of World War II employed over 1,000 workers, and to the production of radio receivers and electronic components were added those of car radios and refrigerators.
The first car radio model produced by Magnadyne, four valves, in 1937 won a competition organized by RACI.
At the end of the conflict, production, albeit to a limited extent, could be resumed, with the production of components for radio receivers. In 1948, faced with a revival of sales in the radio equipment sector, a new factory was opened in Turin, Via Avellino 6, entirely dedicated to the production of electronic components, where the company's registered office was also transferred.
Four years later, in 1952, the company also started the internal production of thermionic valves.
- In 1955, Magnadyne Radio ceased to exist as a company, and consequently brand and activities were merged into the holding INFIN S.a.s. di Dequarti & C., established two years earlier in Freiburg.
- This company, which became known as INFIN-magnadyne, its activities were diversified with the production of televisions, cathode ray tubes and washing machines, and since 1961, of transistors.
- The equipment produced by INFIN-Magnadyne were also marketed under other brands, such as Belvis, Damaiter, Eterphon, Nova, Radioson, Raymond and Visiola.
- In 1964, the INFIN-Magnadyne Group had about 5,000 employees - half of which were employed in the plant in Sant'Antonino and the rest in the three factories in Turin and in the commercial offices scattered throughout the Italian territory - and starting from that year, it showed the first signs of crisis, mainly due to the increase in production costs, the decline in exports and the decline in installment sales of equipment.
- The crisis of the Piedmontese company worsened afterwards: the industrial activities were downsized, as well as the number of employees, reduced to 3,300 in 1970, and it also found itself facing other problems, such as a liquidity crisis, debts for 2 billion lire, suspension of credits, and blocking of material supplies by subcontracting companies.
- In January 1971, Dequarti was solicited by Edoardo Calleri, president of the Piedmont Region, and Carlo Donat-Cattin, minister of labor, to request admission to the receivership procedure for his company (whose factories were occupied by workers), but the interested party, concerned that such a solution could lead to bankruptcy, did not provide any response in this regard, and the following month, in February, the same Piedmontese governor promoted the establishment of SEIMART, in order to take over the management of activities and absorb the workers of INFIN-Magnadyne.
Shortly afterwards, in March, Dequarti asked for and obtained the admission of INFIN to receivership by the Court of Turin, which appointed Piero Piccatti as judicial commissioner.
SEIMART rented the four factories of INFIN-Magnadyne in Turin and Sant'Antonino di Susa, took charge of the 2,000 workers who worked there, and at the expiration of the contract, in April 1972, began negotiations with the property to purchase the factories and machinery.
After three months, in July, the negotiations between Dequarti and SEIMART failed due to the failure to reach agreement on the sale price, for which SEIMART was willing to pay 700 million lire compared to the 3 billion requested by Dequarti.
The failure to reach an agreement between the parties provoked new unrest from the workers (at risk of dismissal by SEIMART), who occupied the factories, and this situation led the prefect of Turin, Dr. Giuseppe Salerno, to issue a decree ordering the requisition of the INFIN-Magnadyne plants and the resumption of production activities.
In November 1972, the sixth bankruptcy section of the Court of Turin declared INFIN bankrupt, following the judges' rejection of Dequarti's request for a composition with creditors.
At the origin of the decision was the serious financial instability found during the administration of Dr. Picatti, who summoned the creditors to file for bankruptcy.
The debt accumulated by INFIN amounted to 11 billion lire.
Following the bankruptcy of the Dequarti Group, the tangible and intangible assets owned by the subsidiary companies were auctioned off: in November 1975, SEIMART, through its subsidiary Beta-Geri S.p.A., acquired at auction "without auction" the plant in Sant'Antonino di Susa, with its machinery, its 900 employees and the Magnadyne and Kennedy trademarks, for 750 million lire
One month later, in December, SEIMART together with Magneti Marelli, established a new company, SEIMART Elettronica S.p.A., with registered office in Turin, where the production activities of the two companies were merged, with the brands Magnadyne, Kennedy, LESA, Radiomarelli and West.
SEIMART Elettronica, which shortly afterwards assumed the company name ELCIT Elettronica Civile S.r.l., was the fourth largest Italian manufacturer of consumer electronics and in 1978 produced 26,000 televisions and had a market share of 2.3%.
The electronics industry in Italy, in the period between the end of the seventies and the beginning of the eighties, was in a serious crisis due to technological delays and aggressive competition from foreign producers, and therefore in 1982 the Ministry of Industry established REL, a financial company created with the aim of rehabilitating companies in the sector: ELCIT, which in that year had achieved a turnover of 33 billion lire and had 630 employees in the Valsusino factory, was excluded from the intervention of REL, since it was controlled by GEPI and was in fact in public hands.
In addition to television sets under the Magnadyne and Radiomarelli brands, ELCIT also produced computer monitors for Olivetti and other computer companies.
For much of the 1980s, the business performed reasonably well, despite the technological constraints.
- The modest levels of profitability recorded by ELCIT led GEPI to initiate liquidation proceedings in May 1990 for the company and its employees, who were reduced to just 287 units.
- The following month, in June, the liquidation procedure was suspended by GEPI, following the mediation of the mayor of Sant'Antonino Val di Susa, and the employees were granted a redundancy fund.
- In May 1991, ELCIT was privatized and sold to Sandretto, a well-known Piedmontese manufacturer of injection molding machines, but at the same time 115 employees were made redundant in accordance with agreements made between GEPI and the buyer.
- The new owners made large investments to relaunch and diversify production, but nevertheless found it too difficult to compete in the market, now characterized by aggressive competition from Asian and Turkish products. Thus, in 1997, 83% of the staff were laid off.
- In 1998, in the absence of measures to continue the natural course of the activities, the company closed down definitively, laying off the 100 employees who remained in the plant of Sant'Antonino di Susa, which was dismantled in parallel with the disappearance of the Magnadyne brand from the market.
A good point on good old B/W Televisions.....................
The Sixties was a time of great change for TV. At the start of the decade there were just monochrome sets with valves, designed for 405 -line transmissions at VHF. By the end there was 625 -line colour at UHF, with transistorised chassis that used the odd IC.
The following decade was one of growth. The "space race" had begun in 1957, when the USSR launched Sputnik 1 and terrified the Americans. Thereafter the USA began to spend countless billions of dollars on space missions. This got underway in earnest in the Sixties, with the announcement that America would be going all out to get a man on the moon by the end of the decade. There followed the Mercury series of earth - orbit missions, then the Apollo launches. Success was achieved in 1969. Most of these missions were televised, and in those days anything to do with space was hot stuff. It was inevitable that everyone wanted to have a television set. At the time an average receiver would be a monochrome one with a 14in. tube - there was no colour until 1967. It would cost about 75 guineas.
TV sets were often priced in guineas (21 shillings) as it made the price look a bit easier on the pocket. Anyway 75 guineas, equivalent to about £78.75 in 2000's currency, was a lot of money then. For those who couldn't, rental was a good option. The Sixties was a period of tremendous growth for rental TV.
Much else was rented at that time, even radios, also washing machines, spin driers, refrigerators and, later on, audio tape recorders (no VCRs then).
For most people these things were too expensive for cash purchase.
There were no credit cards then. And when it came to a TV set, the question of reli- ability had to be taken into account: renting took care of repair costs.
TV reliability.........The TV sets of the period were notoriously unreliable. They still used valves, which meant that a large amount of heat was generated. The dropper resistor contributed to this: it was used mainly as a series device to reduce the mains voltage to the level required to power the valve heaters. These were generally connected in series, so the heater volt- ages of all the valves were added together and the total was subtracted from the mains voltage. The difference was the voltage across the heater section of the dropper resistor, whose value was determined by simple application of Ohm's Law.
As valves are voltage -operated devices, there was no need to stabilise the current. So the power supply circuits in TV sets were very simple. They often consisted of nothing more than a dropper resistor, a half or biphase rectifier and a couple of smoothing capacitors. If a TV set had a transformer and a full wave rectifier in addition to the other components, it was sophisticated!
As the valve heaters were connected in series they were like Christmas -tree lights: should one fail they all went out and the TV set ceased to function. Another common problem with valves is the cathode -to -heater short. When this fault occurs in a valve, some of the heaters in the chain would go out and some would stay on. Those that stayed on would glow like search- lights, often becoming damaged as a result. Dropper failure could cause loss of HT (dead set with the heaters glowing), or no heater supply with HT present. When the HT rectifier valve went low emission, there was low EHT, a small picture and poor performance all round. CRTs would go soft or low emission, the result being a faint picture, or cathode -to -heater short-circuit, the result this time being uncontrollable brightness. On average a TV set would have twelve to fourteen valves, any one of which could go low -emission or fail in some other way. All valves have a finite life, so each one would probably have to be replaced at one time or another. The amount of heat generated in an average TV set would dry out the capacitors, which then failed. So you can see why people rented!
The CRT could cause various problems. Because of its cost, it was the gen- eral practice to place its heater at the earthy end of the chain. In this position it was less likely to be overloaded by a heater chain fault. But during the winter months, when the mains voltage dropped a bit, it would be starved of power. This would eventually lead to 'cathode poi- soning' with loss of emission. The 'cure' for this was to fit a booster transformer designed to overrun the heater by 10, 20 or 30 per cent. It would work fine for a while, until the CRT completely expired. At about this time CRT reactivators came into being - and a weird and wonderful collection of devices they turned out to be. Regunned tubes also started to appear. You couldn't do this with the `hard -glass' triode tubes made by Emitron. These were fitted in a number of older sets. Yes, they were still around, at least during the early Sixties.
Developments................... A great deal of development occurred during the Sixties. Many TV sets and radios made in the early Sixties were still hard -wired: the introduction of the printed circuit board changed the construction of electronic equipment forever. The first one was in a Pam transistor radio. PCBs were ideal for use in transistor radios, because of the small size of the components used and the fact that such radios ran almost cold.
They were not so good for use with valve circuitry, as the heat from the valves caused all sorts of problems. Print cracks could develop if a board became warped. If it became carbonised there could be serious leakage and tracking problems. In addition it was more difficult to remove components from a PCB. Many technicians at that time didn't like PCBs. As the Sixties progressed, transistors took over more and more in TV sets. They first appeared in a rather random fashion, for example in the sync separator stages in some Pye models. Then the IF strip became transistorised. Early transistors were based on the use of germanium, which was far from ideal.
The change to silicon produced devices that were more robust and had a better signal-to-noise ratio.
Car radios became fully transistorised, and 'solid-state' circuitry ceased to be based on earlier valve arrangements. Many hi-fi amplifiers had been transistorised from the late Fifties, and all tape recorders were now solid-state.
Both reel-to-reel and compact -cassette recorders were available at this time. Initially, audio cassette recorders had a maximum upper frequency response of only about 9kHz.
To increase it meant either a smaller head gap or a faster speed. Philips, which developed the compact audio cassette and holds the patents for the design (which we still use in 2000!) wouldn't allow an increase in speed. Good reel-to-reel recorders had a fre- quency response that extended to 20kHz when the tape speed was 15in./sec.
This is true hi-fi. In time the frequency response of compact -cassette recorders did improve, because of the use of better head materials with a smaller gap.
This led to the demise of the reel-to-reel audio recorder as a domestic product We began to benefit from spin-offs of the space race between the USA and the USSR.
The need to squeeze as much technology as possible into the early computers in the Mercury space capsules used by the USA lead to the first inte- grated circuits.
This technology soon found its way into consumer equipment. Often these devices were hybrid encap- sulations rather than true chips, but they did improve reliability and saved space. The few chips around in those days were analogue devices. To start with most UHF tuners used valves such as the PC86 and PC88. They were all manually tuned. Some had slow-motion drives and others had push -buttons. They didn't have a lot of gain, so it was important to have an adequate aerial and use low -loss cable..............................
Further Notes & references :
S. Sacco - La Magnadyne di Sant'Antonio. La nascita, lo splendore, il declino e le lotte per la difesa dell'occupazione - Graffio, Torino, 2008, ISBN 88-95057-06-6
^ "L'azienda elettronica che produce televisori in crisi per mancanza di commesse Scatta la cassa integrazione alla Elcit Sant'Antonino: interessa 83 dipendenti su cento", Articolo del quotidiano La Stampa del 3 aprile 1997[collegamento interrotto] ^ Dal sito haikellah.com ^ Dal sito haikellah.comAnnuario industriale della provincia di Torino 1936-XIV, Editrice U. S. I. L. A., p. 86.
U. Alunni, La radio in soffitta, Lulù.com, 2014, pp. 311-315.
Le visite del Federale ai lavoratori, in La Stampa, 22 novembre 1940, p. 2.
^ La III Mostra Nazionale della Radio, in L'Antenna, n. 19, Radioamatori Italiani, 15 ottobre 1931, p. 3.
^ Magnadyne M10, su ansaldolorenz.it. URL consultato il 19 aprile 2021.
^ E. Montù, Ciò che è stato realizzato in un anno di fecondo lavoro, in La Stampa, 22 settembre 1934, p. 6.
^ Annuario industriale della provincia di Torino 1936-XIV, Editrice USILA, p. 95.
^ Catalogo Raci 1938 (PDF), su airepiemonte.org. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2021.
^ Fra gli espositori della IX Mostra della Radio di Milano, in L'Antenna, n. 18, 30 settembre 1937, pp. 595-597.
Notiziario industriale, in L'Antenna, n. 19, Radioamatori Italiani, 15 ottobre 1940, pp. 330-331.
Magnadyne. Stabilimento per la produzione delle valvole, in Notizie e informazioni del gruppo Piemonte/Valle d'Aosta, n. 13, AIRE, gennaio-febbraio 2011, pp. 8-11.
Magnadyne Radio, su airepiemonte.altervista.org. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2021.
^ Alla Magnadyne 2000 licenziamenti?, in Stampa Sera, 9 marzo 1964, p. 2.
^ I 4500 dipendenti Magnadyne tornano alle 42 ore settimanali, in La Stampa, 1º settembre 1964, p. 2.
^ E' un momento difficile per Magnadyne e Tobler, in La Stampa, 5 dicembre 1970, p. 5.
^ I 3300 della Magnadyne oggi riprendono il lavoro, in La Stampa, 22 dicembre 1970, p. 5.
^ La Magnadyne deve chiedere l'amministrazione controllata, in La Stampa, 24 gennaio 1971, p. 5.
^ Costituita la società per la "Magnadyne,,, in La Stampa, 23 febbraio 1971, p. 5.
Dichiarata fallita la società proprietaria della Magnadyne, in Stampa Sera, 24 novembre 1972, p. 5.
Alla Magnadyne 2000 in ansia perché non si trova un accordo, in La Stampa, 18 luglio 1972, p. 4.
^ Magnadyne: una schiarita sospesi i licenziamenti, in La Stampa, 17 luglio 1972, p. 5.
^ Il prefetto fa riprendere il lavoro alla Magnadyne, in La Stampa, 22 luglio 1972, p. 4.
^ L'Infin, società proprietaria della Magnadyne dichiarata fallita con passivo di undici miliardi, in La Stampa, 25 novembre 1972, p. 4.
^ La ex Magnadyne passa al gruppo Seimart, in Stampa Sera, 28 novembre 1975, p. 4.
^ Pignoramenti Imi sulla Magnadyne, in Stampa Sera, 25 febbraio 1976, p. 6.
^ È nata la Seimart Elettronica, in La Stampa, 25 dicembre 1975, p. 14.
^ Che cosa rappresenta la nuova Società, in La Stampa, 25 dicembre 1975, p. 14.
^ Anagrafe Operatori - Regione Piemonte, su extranet.regione.piemonte.it. URL consultato il 20 aprile 2021.
^ V. Ravizza, Tv-color: la guerra dei prezzi intacca i bilanci delle imprese, in La Stampa, 30 ottobre 1979, p. 9.
V. Ravizza, E la Elcit si chiede: «Perché noi fuori?», in La Stampa, 19 maggio 1983, p. 14.
^ Elcit chiude e licenzia 287 addetti, in La Stampa-Sezione provincia di Torino, 26 maggio 1990, p. 37.
^ Elcit non licenzia Erber in vendita?, in La Stampa-Sezione provincia di Torino, 9 giugno 1990, p. 43.
^ La Elcit di Sant'Antonino è passata ai Sandretto, in La Stampa-Sezione provincia di Torino, 4 maggio 1991, p. 40.
^ F. Morello, Scatta la cassa integrazione alla Elcit Sant'Antonino, in La Stampa-Sezione provincia di Torino, 3 aprile 1997, p. 37.
^ F. Morello, Sant'Antonino, chiude la Elcit, in La Stampa-Sezione provincia di Torino, 9 gennaio 1998, p. 40.
^ Redazione, Twenty acquisisce il marchio Sèleco, in E-Duesse.it, 22 dicembre 2016. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2021.
^ B. Andolfatto, TORNANO LE TELEVISIONI MAGNADYNE MA ARRIVANO DALLA CINA E DALL’EUROPA DELL'EST, in La Valsusa, 17 marzo 2017. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2021.
^ Redazione, I ped Magnadyne sugli scaffali dei punti vendita, in E-Duesse.it, 2 dicembre 2016. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2021.
^ E. Sesta, TWENTY SPA CAMBIA IN SÈLECO SPA, in E-Duesse.it, 11 maggio 2017. URL consultato il 9 aprile 2021.
^ R. Broch, SÈLECO AL CAPOLINEA, in E-Duesse.it, 27 maggio 2019. URL consultato il 9 aprile 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 settembre 2020).
^ A. Bacci, Sèleco, scoperto il bluff: addio rilancio Il tribunale ha dichiarato il fallimento, in Messaggero Veneto - Sezione di Pordenone, 17 maggio 2019, p. 21. URL consultato il 9 aprile 2021.
^ M. Lucchese, MAGNADYNE NUOVO “RETRO” SPONSOR DELL’UDINESE, in Sport Economy, 8 luglio 2016. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2021.
^ Magnadyne tifa S.P.A.L., in Distribuzione Moderna, 24 maggio 2017. URL consultato il 21 aprile 2021.
No comments:
Post a Comment
The most important thing to remember about the Comment Rules is this:
The determination of whether any comment is in compliance is at the sole discretion of this blog’s owner.
Comments on this blog may be blocked or deleted at any time.
Fair people are getting fair reply. Spam and useless crap and filthy comments / scrapers / observations goes all directly to My Private HELL without even appearing in public !!!
The fact that a comment is permitted in no way constitutes an endorsement of any view expressed, fact alleged, or link provided in that comment by the administrator of this site.
This means that there may be a delay between the submission and the eventual appearance of your comment.
Requiring blog comments to obey well-defined rules does not infringe on the free speech of commenters.
Resisting the tide of post-modernity may be difficult, but I will attempt it anyway.
Your choice.........Live or DIE.
That indeed is where your liberty lies.
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.