GRAETZ KORNETT COLOR ELECTRONIC 2747 I YEAR 1976.

The GRAETZ KORNETT COLOR ELECTRONIC 2747 I is a 26 inches color television with 8 programs and potentiometers tuning search system.

It has a  sensor keyboard for local commands, includes a plurality of tuning positions each defined by an adjustable potentiometer, a neon bulb indicator, a UHF/VHF switch and a two pole momentary contact touch switch. A common tuning capacitor has a tuning voltage developed thereacross for controlling the tuning of a varactor diode tuner. A source of reference potential is coupled across the tuning potentiometers and closure of any touch switch results in the tuning capacitor being charged from the voltage reference source through the selected one of the tuning potentiometers. The neon bulbs yield a visual indication of the selected tuning position. Circuitry for automatically placing control of the tuner to a preselected one of the tuning positions upon turn on of the receiver is also included.
It's a Circuit arrangement for establishing a reference potential of a chassis of an electrical device such as a radio and/or TV receiver, such device being provided with at least one contactless touching switch operating under the AC voltage principle. The device is switched by touching a unipole touching field in a contactless manner so as to establish connection to a grounded network pole. The circuit arrangement includes in combination an electronic blocking switch and a unidirectional rectifier which separates such switch from the network during the blocking phase.In electronic devices, for example TV and radio receivers, there are used in ever increasing numbers electronic touching switches for switching and adjusting the functions of the device. In one known embodiment of this type of touching switch, which operates on a DC voltage principle, the function of the electronic device, is contactlessly switched by touching a unipole touching field, the switching being carried out by means of an alternating current voltage.
The set has a contrast balancer feature to uniformate contrast in picture to an average level, furthermore there is present a switch for hue color control.

The set is build with a Modular chassis design because as modern television receivers become more complex the problem of repairing the receiver becomes more difficult. As the number of components used in the television receiver increases the susceptibility to breakdown increases and it becomes more difficult to replace defective components as they are more closely spaced. The problem has become even more complicated with the increasing number of color television receivers in use. A color television receiver has a larger number of circuits of a higher degree of complexity than the black and white receiver and further a more highly trained serviceman is required to properly service the color television receiver.
Fortunately for the service problem to date, most failures occur in the vacuum tubes used in the television receivers. A faulty or inoperative vacuum tube is relatively easy to find and replace. However, where the television receiver malfunction is caused by the failure of other components, such as resistors, capacitors or inductors, it is harder to isolate the defective component and a higher degree of skill on the part of the serviceman is required.
Even with the great majority of the color television receiver malfunctions being of the "easy to find and repair" type proper servicing of color sets has been difficult to obtain due to the shortage of trained serviceman.
At the present time advances in the state of the semiconductor art have led to the increasing use of transistors in color television receivers. The receiver described in this application has only two tubes, the picture tube and the high voltage rectifier tube, all the other active components in the receiver being semiconductors.
One important characteristic of a semiconductor device is its extreme reliability in comparison with the vacuum tube. The number of transistor and integrated circuit failures in the television receiver will be very low in comparison with the failures of other components, the reverse of what is true in present day color television receivers. Thus most failures in future television receivers will be of the hard to service type and will require more highly qualified servicemen.
The primary symptoms of a television receiver malfunction are shown on the picture tube of the television receiver while the components causing the malfunction are located within the cabinet. Also many adjustments to the receiver require the serviceman to observe the screen. Thus the serviceman must use unsatisfactory mirror arrangements to remove the electronic chassis from the cabinet, usually a very difficult task. Further many components are "buried" in a maze of circuitry and other components so that they are difficult to remove and replace without damage to other components in the receiver.
Repairing a modern color television receiver often requires that the receiver be removed from the home and carried to a repair shop where it may remain for many weeks. This is an expensive undertaking since most receivers are bulky and heavy enough to require at least two persons to carry them. Further, two trips must be made to the home, one to pick up the receiver and one to deliver it. For these reasons, the cost of maintaining the color television receiver in operating condition often exceeds the initial cost of the receiver and is an important factor in determining whether a receiver will be purchased.
Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the main electronic chassis is easily accessible for maintenance and adjustment. Another object of this invention is to provide a transistorized color television receiver in which the electronic circuits are divided into a plurality of modules with the modules easily removable for service and maintenance. The main electronic chassis is slidably mounted within the cabinet so that it may be withdrawn, in the same manner as a drawer, to expose the electronic circuitry therein for maintenance and adjustment from the rear closure panel after easy removal. Another aspect is the capability to be serviced at eventually the home of the owner.

Was first GRAETZ model designed around 20AX SYSTEM CRT TUBE.
The PHILIPS 20AX system was introduced in Europe as the first self converging picture tube/deflection coil, combination for 110°deflection and screen sizes up to 26". The system is based on the automatic convergence principle discovered by Haantjes and Lubben of Philips Research Laboratory more than 20 years ago. It makes use of an in-line gun array in conjunction with a specially designed saddle type deflection coil. Residual small tolerance errors are compensated by a simple dynamic four-pole system. The tube is 2 cm shorter than conventional 110°tubes and has a standard 36.5 mm neck in order to obtain good color selection. A slotted mask is used in combination with a stripe-structure screen. Picture sharpness is ensured by an astigmatic electron gun

The new tube, to be known as the 20AX, has been developed by PHILIPS in conjunction with the parent Philips / Mullard organisation and will be produced by several Philips subsidiary companies on the Continent as well as by PHILIPS in the UK. PHILIPS envisage quantity production of the tube by 1976, mainly for export at first, with large-scale production for UK set - makers starting in 1977. The tube has been developed as "probably the final phase in the design of the 110° shadowmask tube". Its main features are the use of three guns mounted horizontally in line, the use of a shadow - mask with slots instead of circular holes, and a screen with the phosphors deposited in vertical stripes instead of as a pattern of dot triads. It seems therefore that the days of the present delta gun shadowmask tube are now numbered, though considerable production will have to continue for many years to provide replacement tubes for the millions of colour sets already in use. So far as the viewer is concerned however it is important to appreciate the time scale involved (see above) and the reasons for the development of the new tube. There is nothing wrong with the type of shadow - mask tube we have known since the beginning of colour TV: it is able to provide superb pictures. But in its 110° form it does require rather a lot of scan/convergence correction circuitry. If this can be reduced by means of an alternative approach

as with the 20AX tube  considerable benefits in set production and servicing will be obtained. This has been the aim behind the development of the new tube, and the demonstration tube we have seen operating with its associated deflection yoke and circuitry gave a picture every bit as good as we have come to expect from the present "conventional" approach to colour tube design. There are now four colour tubes with in -line guns, the Sony Trinitron (the first to come along), the RCA /Mazda PIL tube, the Toshiba RIS tube and now the PHILIPS 20AX. It is interesting to compare them. The Trinitron is a 90° narrow neck (29mm) tube. It differs from the others in using an aperture grill (slits from top to bottom) instead of a mask behind the screen to shadow the beams and a tube face which is substantially flat in the vertical plane. On the domestic market it is used exclusively in Sony sets and certainly represented a break through in simplifying the convergence circuitry and setting up adjustments required. The Toshiba RIS (rectangular flare, in-line guns, slotted shadowmask) tube has now turned up in the UK in the recently introduced 18in. Sharp Model C1831H. Its most distinctive feature is the rectangu- lar instead of conical tube flare and the rectangular semi -toroidal scanning yoke which is used with this. It is a 110° thick neck (36mm) tube. The convergence arrangements are fairly simple. The most interesting comparisons however are between the PI tube and the 20AX. The first is a 90° tube of the narrow neck variety and features a toroidal yoke which is cemented to the tube- thus if either is faulty the entire tube/yoke assembly must be replaced. The great advantage is that no dynamic convergence adjustments or circuitry are required. It is at present limited to sizes up to 20in. and the designers say that it is not intended as a successor to the standard shadowmask tube above this size. Its depth compares with 110° tubes because of the simplified gun structure used. The PHILIPS 20AX tube differs from it in several respects. First it is basically a 110° tube which can be produced in a whole range of sizes production of 18, 22 and 26in. versions is proposed so that set  makers can use it with a single chassis for models of various sizes. Secondly it uses saddlewound deflection coils which are separate from though accurately aligned with the tube. And thirdly it is a thick neck tube. Unlike the PI tube in which all the gun electrodes except the cathodes are common to all guns the electrodes of each gun in the 20AX are separately available at the base. This means that in addition to RGB drive to the cathodes the grids are available for blanking and beam limiting and the first anodes for background control setting in the normal manner. In fact PHILIPS emphasised that the new tube is entirely compatible with existing colour set techniques  though the whole convergence system is greatly simplified. The basic idea behind these in line gun, slotted mask tubes is that by mounting the guns horizontally in line the convergence errors are confined to the horizontal plane and by applying an astigmatic deflection field these errors are cancelled. This means that a fair amount of cunning in the design of the deflection yoke is required. A saddlewound yoke is more efficient than a toroidal yoke since the deflection fields are totally enclosed.

 In comparison to current 110° PHILIPS tubes the 20AX requires much the same horizontal deflection power but about twice the vertical deflection power (which can be obtained without trouble from modern semiconductor devices). The use of a separate yoke with a tube of this type means that some dynamic convergence controls are still necessary, in order to match the assemblies. PHILIPS refer to these as "tolerance adjustments" rather than "dynamic convergence controls". About seven are required at present though further work is being done on this and by the time sets with the new tube appear we can expect some reduction. A single pincushion transductor is required instead of the two needed with 110° shadowmask tubes of the present variety. In comparison the PIL  tube requires no dynamic convergence adjustments, only some simple tube neck magnets for static setting up. It is a little less efficient however because of the type of yoke employed. Whatever else happens there is no doubt that the vast majority of colour tubes fitted to TVC sets come 1977 will be of the in line gun, slotted mask, vertical phosphor stripe variety. Two further points made by PHILIPS at their demonstration : first, this type of tube requires less degaussing so that there are worthwhile savings in the amount of copper required for the degaussing coils: secondly their new tube, and in fact all PHILIPS monochrome tubes and shortly their colour tubes as well, will incorporate "instant on" guns which come into operation about  five seconds after the set is switched on instead of the 30 seconds or more taken by present tubes. This instant on feature is based on a new heater/cathode assembly in which the use of mica insulators has been avoided. 

Meanwhile we understand that in addition to RCA and, in the UK, Mazda, ITT and Videocolor SA are to produce PIL tubes. Whilst congratulations all round was appropriate on the successful development of these  tubes it does seem a pity that was about to enter for the first time an era of non compatible colour c.r.t.s.

First GRAETZ Television with the ITT VIDOM CHASSIS TECHNOLOGY.
 
VIDOM Diagnosesystem which stays for Voll Integriete Diagnose Optische Messpunkte and  is intended as a Completely Optical Integrated measurements Diagnose Sytstem.

With led diode lamp fitted in cardinal points of the chassis was possible to quickly diagnose a fault under a trained process performed by skilled service engineers.


It has a Transistorized horizontal deflection circuits  made up of a horizontal switching or output transistor, a diode, one or more capacitors and a deflection winding. The output transistor, operating as a switch, is driven by a horizontal rate square wave signal and conducts during a portion of the horizontal trace interval. A diode, connected in parallel with the transistor, conducts during the remainder of the trace interval. A retrace capacitor and the deflection yoke winding are coupled in parallel across the transistor-diode combination. Energy is transferred into and out of the deflection winding via the diode and output transistor during the trace interval and via the retrace capacitor during the retrace interval.
In some television receivers, the collector of the horizontal output transistor is coupled to the B+ power supply through the primary windings of the high voltage transformer.

In early 1974 the Chief Engineer at ITT's Hastings television factory called a meeting of a small group of his colour TV engineers. He told them that the company planned to market a fully solid-state chassis by Christmas of the following year to supersede the long popular CVC5- CVC9 series of hybrid chassis, and that it was their job to design it. The objectives laid down were not modest. The new chassis had to be ultra -reliable, easy to service, and simpler to make than its predecessor. Reliability headed the list because of the reports of the problems other setmakers had had when changing from hybrid to solid-state colour chassis. It was considered vitally important that the new chassis should be without reproach in this respect. TYPE OF TUBE The first point that had to be agreed upon was the type of tube to use. The previous chassis had been fitted with 90° delta -gun tubes and had established a reputation for above average picture quality. These tubes are difficult to converge and set up however. Worse, particularly from the viewpoint of rental organisations, is the need to readjust them for best results as the convergence circuits age. The c.r.t. selected for the new chassis was the PHILIPS 20AX 110°  -in -Line  tube which has the great advantage of being already semi converged and purified, requiring less adjustment throughout its life. It has been described in some detail in previous issues of this blog , so I won't go over the principles again here. Briefly, it's an in -line gun tube with a slotted shadowmask and vertical RGB phosphor stripes, and with a precision toroidal scanning yoke which is permanently fixed to the tube. The only slight problem with this arrangement is that the cut-off points of the three guns cannot be matched by the conventional technique of adjusting the first anode controls. So a slightly different technique is used - varying the d.c. levels at the three cathodes.

The set is fabricated by SEL Standard Elektrik Lorenz.

(Pictures are SUPERB !!)

A brief note about on Television sets reliability and durability..........................

ANYONE with even the smallest experience of television engineering is bound to come up against that embarrassing question which is always so difficult to answer-"which TV shall I get?" The questioner is usually concerned about obtaining the cheapest and most reliable receiver that is available, and this same approach generally governs the choice between buying when new - restoring in this time. This is perfectly reasonable and often applies to other consumer products apart from TV. 

What does seem a little strange however is that no one ever seems to ask "which TV set gives the best picture?" Why not? Doesn't anyone care, or is the question too complicated to discuss? 

Yet the average person spends five and a half hours a day, every day, watching TV garbage:

The Propaganda TV Machine a.k.a. The Ministry of Truth delivers The Truth from The Government to the people.
At least, that's what they say. In fact, a Propaganda Machine is only employed by The Empire and used to brainwash people into Gullible Lemmings who believe that everything is all right when in fact, it isn't, and that the very people who could help them are their enemies..............

................... so the quality of the picture must be important........................ 

expecially for those football idiots so the they have the motivation to glue their assface on the screen all day long to discover better somewaht in their ignorance.

........Now................It is high time that people began to realise this simple fact, and to take an interest in the quality of the product that absorbs so much of their spare time. There are of course plenty of people who are genuinely interested in good picture quality. It is unlikely for example that so many readers of this Blog would be taking part in the magnificent TELEVISION colour receiver project, but more likely restoring  monochrome receivers or adapting old color ones, if they were indifferent to the quality of the picture obtained at the end of the day. But today times seems changing, the trend started by many readers of Obsolete Technology Tellye !  have had a significative rise up in recovering and restoring old CRT's TV's and started to build up collections by people in many lands worldwide.

 Good CRT  picture quality cannot however be achieved merely by connecting together the appropriate groups of circuits. Sometimes in fact even well established designs can present problems if they are assembled in a different way to the original or with non-standard components. 

So what constitutes good picture quality and what do you do when things go wrong? 

It is not much use delving into the textbooks because they are strangely unhelpful about this sort of thing.

  At least however we can here at Obsolete Technology Tellye !  establish some basic principles to use as a starting point. There is a difference between the kind of picture quality defects that you would expect to find in a manufactured receiver compared to one made by a home restorer / constructor. 

A CRT manufactured receiver usually has only minor faults and one wants to'assess how well it compares with the products of other set - makers.

Todays trade, threw a rather different light on matters however. Briefly, we found that during CRT boom periods for the setmakers reliability increased whilst during periods of diminishing sales a fall in the standard of reliability became evident, so you will find excellent sets from the 70s/80s. I had tended to think that a boom meant an attitude of anything goes to get as many sets out to meet the demand, with consequent corner cutting and use of whatever alternative components could be got hold of if necessary. The overriding point seems to be however that in boom conditions with a seller's market prices can be maintained and quality standards kept up whilst in flat market conditions there is overwhelming pressure on prices and reliability tends to fall. It is difficult to be too sure about this since the worst trading period coincided with the era of dual standard analog TV sets which may eventually but not certainly inevitably less reliable than the single -standard chassis which preceeded and succeeded them. It would however tie up  about the comparative reliability of colour and monochrome sets, since the era of colour boom coincides with a very flat period in monochrome set production and sales, that in talking about reliability means overall dependability rather than initial statistics for unboxed set condition. 

That all said is very applicable to todays times, with completely different technically means, reality where unfair market conditions focibly applied to European firms by an elite which has only the will and target to destroy European eritage at all levels with the main  point in destroying local economy.

It includes:

- A number of areas of law involving acts by one competitor or group of competitors which harm another in the field, and which may give rise to criminal offenses and civil causes of action.

- Trade libel, the spreading of false information about the quality or characteristics of a competitor's products, is prohibited at common law but still high present and unstopped.

- Various unfair business practices such as fraud, misrepresentation, and unconscionable contracts may be considered unfair competition, if they give one competitor an advantage over others expecially all from the so called ASIATIC MARKET.

Therefore:

All of todays apparates are literally absolute GARBAGE when new and resulting often broken when out of the box after purchase. Poor engineering, manufacturing and materials in the main part, combined with unfair massive import to Europe of such DUMP goods, at cheap prices in closed hard tight market (so they can be the only 2 3 competitor in foreign lands and all locals firms brought to death by heavy taxations, troublesome difficulties at all levels) and sold with medium to high prices respect to initial build costs !!

For that there can't be a comparation of reliability between a CRT TV SET and any one of todays sets, which often are resulting in a SCAM mainly under the technological part, emerging, even, from the first repair attempt !

......  And  in the end you will NEVER SEE a  restoring of ANY of the Actual todays electronic GARBAGE !

Graetz AG (formerly Ehrich & Graetz AG) was a German manufacturer of petrol lamps. In 1899 the company began to produce radio sets at its plant in Treptow, Berlin. The company lent its name to an electrical circuit called the diode bridge, which is better known as the full-wave bridge rectifier. A drawing of this circuit attributed to Graetz, dated 1897, appears in a paper by Chattopadhyay.

On January 2nd, 1866, master plumber Albert Graetz (1831-1901), together with the distributor Emil Ehrich, founded the "Lampen-Fabrik Erich and Graetz OHG" (Erich and Graetz Lamp Factory, Unlimited), on Dresdener St. in Berlin. Albert Graetz felt compelled to end the "dark times" of what he referred to as "Rueboelfunzein" (vegetable oil lamps), through the introduction of improved lamp designs. Thus, Ehrich and Graetz manufactured and sold, quite successfully, air-draft kerosene lamps under the brand names "Akaria", Matador", and "Iris". In 1889, Albert Graetz handed over management of the company to his sons Adolf (1860-1909) and Max (1861-1937), Emil Ehrich having left the company some time earlier.

n early 1961, Erich Graetz, having no family successor to take over the company, sold 74.5% of "Graetz KG" to the high-bidding "SEL" (Standard- Elektronik-Lorenz AG) (the "Phillips" corporation also being a bidder). The remaining 25.5% of the shares were held by the "Westfaelische Kupfer-und Messing-Werke AG" (Westfaeli Copper and Brass Factories Corporation), as a purely speculative investment holding. "SEL", in turn, eventually sold the factories to "Nokia", of Finland. At the Altena factories, the Petromax lantern continued to be built in to the 1970's.

Ehrich & Graetz

Der Handwerker Albert Graetz unterhielt seit 1859 mit drei Mann in Berlin, Dresdener Straße, eine Werkstatt für Petroleumlampen.

Durch Eintritt des Kaufmanns Emil Ehrich als Kapitalgeber erfolgte im Januar 1866 die Gründung einer offenen Handelsgesellschaft (OHG) in der Lausitzer Strasse 31, Berlin S.O..

Nachdem Emil Ehrich im Jahre 1887 verstarb, war es vornehmlich der Sohn des Mitbegründers der Firma, Max Graetz, der mit technischer Erfindungsgabe und kaufmännischem Geschick den Betrieb ständig ausbaute.

Die folgenden Jahrzehnte brachten auch der Firma Ehrich & Graetz OHG, wie der Mehrzahl der deutschen Industriebetriebe, einen beachtlichen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung. 1889 beschäftigte Graetz schon 100 Arbeiter. In den Jahren 1897 bis 1899 wurde auf einem sechs Hektar großen Gelände in der Elsenstraße in der damaligen Landgemeinde Treptow bei Berlin (Kreis Teltow) ein neues Fabrikgebäude gebaut. Dor begann die Produktion mit 300 Arbeitern. Nach dem Einzug in die neuerbauten Fabrikgebäude im Jahre 1899 wuchs die Belegschaft der Firma in einem Jahr auf 1000 Beschäftigte.

1908 begann der Betrieb erstmalig mit der Herstellung einer elektrischen Metallfadenlampe und der Produktion verschiedener anderer elektrotechnischer Artikel. Ab 1913 wurden in großem Umfang elektrische Bügeleisen, Wasserkocher und Heizöfen hergestellt und abgesetzt. Das Hauptsortiment lag jedoch weiterhin in der Herstellung von Petroleum- und Gaslampen. Die Markennamen Graetzin und Graetzor werden weltbekannt. Mit der "Petromax Lampe" erlangte Graetz ein Absatzmonopol auf dem Weltmarkt.

Zu Beginn des 1. Weltkrieges 1914 verstand es der Großunternehmer Graetz, dessen Belegschaft etwa 3000 Beschäftigte umfasste, sich auf die steigende profitversprechende Rüstungsproduktion umzustellen. Hauptsächlich wurden Patronen, Zünder sowie Maschinengewehre produziert. Dabei wuchs die Belegschaft auf etwa 7000 Beschäftigte (vor allem Frauen) an.

Die Firma Ehrich und Graetz büßte durch den Krieg ihre Auslandsverbindungen weitgehend ein und war somit gezwungen, sich wieder auf Konsumgüterproduktion umzustellen. Von den 5500 Arbeitern, die am Ende des Krieges beschäftigt waren, wurden 4500 entlassen.

Am 29. Dezember 1919 bildete sich die "Offene Handelsgesellschaft Ehrich & Graetz" in die "Kommanditgesellschaft Ehrich & Graetz" um

Am 20. Mai 1922 wurde die Aktiengesellschaft Ehrich & Graetz AG (neben der Graetz KG) gegründet. Die Hauptaktionäre waren der Seniorchef Max Graetz, seine Söhne Erich, Fritz, Hans und Rudolf sowie sein Schwiegersohn Hans Pahl. (Stammkapital 18 Millionen Mark)

Fritz Graetz übernahm die Geschäftsführung. Es wurden dann Radioapparate für Graetz hergestellt.

1933 wurde "Elektrowatt" aufgelöst und ging in die Graetz Radio GmbH auf.

Seit 1929 stellte die Graetz Radio GmbH, eine hundertprozentige Tochter von Ehrich & Graetz, Rundfunkgeräte her.

Als 1933 die faschistische Diktatur in Deutschland errichtet wurde, begann die Firma Graetz den Maschinenpark zu erneuern und stellte sich bereits 1933 auf Rüstungsproduktion um. Von 1935 bis 1939 entwickelte sich die Firma wieder zu einem bedeutenden Großbetrieb mit 4000 Belegschaftsmitgliedern.

Gefertigt wurden neben Radiogeräten auch vieles andere, hier zu sehen ein 8er Topfsockel / Röhrensockel aus Pressstoff als Zulieferung für Röhrenhersteller / Elektronenröhrenindustrie (1940):

Die Firma Ehrich & Graetz AG stellte sich mit Kriegsbeginn immer mehr auf Rüstungsproduktion um und fertigte Zünder, Kartuschen, Motorradvergaser, Radio- und Nachrichtengeräte sowie Benzinpumpen (Graetzin-Kraftstoff-Förderpumpe) für Flugzeuge.

Die Graetz AG unterlag nach dem Potsdamer Abkommen der Demontage. Ein Großteil der noch intakten Maschinen wurde in die Sowjetunion abtransportiert.

Wenige Männer und Frauen, die bis Ende des Krieges 1945 bei der Graetz AG beschäftigt waren, begannen mit den Aufräumungsarbeiten auf den mit Trümmern übersäten Betriebsgelände.

Wie in vielen anderen Berliner Betrieben fingen auch sie an, aus Kriegsmaterial und den verbliebenen und reparierten Maschinen dringend benötigte Gebrauchsgüter (Töpfe, Schüsseln, Bratpfannen u.a.) herzustellen.

Noch im Jahre 1945 wurde die Produktion der Petromax-Lampen aufgenommen und weitere Konsumgüter wie Rasierapparate, Winkelmesser und Schulzirkel übernommen. Im Dezember 1945 waren bei der Graetz AG wieder 300 Arbeiter und Angestellte beschäftigt.

Am 8. Februar 1949 wurden die Graetz-Werke in Volkseigentum überführt und der Hauptverwaltung RFT, Rundfunk- und Fernmeldetechnik, in Leipzig unterstellt (VEB Graetz).

Nach kurzer Zeit der Eingliederung des Betriebes in die Hauptverwaltung RFT begann eine Wende im Produktionsprofil des VEB Graetz-Werk. Als Perspektive sah die Hauptverwaltung vor, den gesamten Betrieb mit nunmehr 1200 Beschäftigten auf die Produktion von Fernmeldeanlagen umzustellen.

Die bisherige Produktion von Gaslampen, Bügeleisen, Radiogeräten u.a. musste etappenweise eingestellt werden. Am 4. Februar 1950 wurde der VEB Graetz-Werk in VEB Fernmeldewerk Treptow umbenannt.

Am 1. Juli 1953 wurde der Zusammenschluss des VEB Fernmeldewerk Treptow und des VEB Signalbau Berlin zum neugebildeten VEB Werk für Signal- und Sicherungstechnik Berlin (WSSB) vollzogen.

Erich Graetz und sein Bruder Fritz waren unmittelbar vor dem Zusammenbruch des Deutschen Reiches 1945 nach Bregenz in ihr Zweigwerk geflüchtet, die Metallwaren GmbH, in dem noch Maschinen im Wert von mehreren hunderttausend Reichsmark standen.

Im Oktober 1945 reiste Fritz Graetz nach Berlin und versuchte, im Stammwerk wieder Fuß zu fassen. Doch stieß er auf erbitterte Ablehnung beim neuen Betriebsausschuss. Er musste unverrichteter Dinge wieder abreisen.

Erich Graetz begann so 1946 / 1947 mit der Produktion u.a. von Petromax-Laternen, für die es auch in den Westzonen Bedarf gab. Aber auch andere Gegenstände des "täglichen Bedarfs" wurden hergestellt, u.a. Feuerzeuge:

1948 gründete er zusammen mit seinem Bruder Fritz die Graetz KG, und zwar im westfälischen Altena.

GRAETZ Kommandit-Gesellschaft, Altena (Westfalen), Westiger Strasse 172, Postfach 48, Fernruf: 2357-2359 Amt Altena (Westf.)

Das Gelände und die vorhandenen Fabrikhallen einer ehemaligen Munitionsfabrik von "Thyssen-Krupp" konnten für den Neubeginn genutzt werden. Im November 1948 war das neue Stammwerk fertiggestellt. In rascher Folge weitete sich der Betrieb aus, im Juni 1950 entstand Werk II, im Mai 1951 Werk III - beide ebenfalls in Altena.

In der 1949 gegründeten "Bundesrepublik Deutschland" nahmen Erich und Fritz Graetz die Produktion von Radiogeräten erneut auf.

Anfang der 50er Jahre trumpfte Graetz mit einigen technischen Innovationen in den vorderen Reihen der deutschen Radio- und Fernsehgeräte- Hersteller.

In der Nacht vom 8. zum 9. Mai 1952 brannte das komplette Obergeschoss des Graetz- Werkes 1 ab... : Ansprache des Herrn Erich Graetz an die Belegschaft am Tage nach dem Brand.
Zu Beginn des Jahres 1961 gehen die Firmengruppen SEL (Standard Elektronik Lorenz) und Graetz eine Verbindung ein, zum Ende des Jahres scheidet Erich Graetz aus dem Unternehmen aus.

Auch die SEL gehörte zum amerikanischen Konzern ITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Company)

Der Vertrieb wird ab 1962 neu strukturiert: Man spricht von der koordinierten Vertriebsorganisation von Graetz und Schaub-Lorenz im SEL - Geschäftsbereich Rundfunk Fernsehen Phono.

Zunächst wurde aber noch Graetz und Schaub-Lorenz getrennt, aber unter einem Dach organisiert. Es galt:

Graetz Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, 7530 Pforzheim, Östliche Karl-Friedrich-Straße 132, Telefon 07231-3021

Ab 1. Januar 1967 wird der Vertrieb weiter "gestrafft" - aus organisatorischen Gründen - wie es in einer Mitteilung verfasst wird. Verkaufsbezirke werden neu festgelegt und Geschäftsstellen benannt.

Firmiert wird mit Standard Elektronik Lorenz Aktiengesellschaft (SEL-AG) / UGR Audio Video Elektronik, 7530 Pforzheim, Östliche 132, Postfach 1526, Telefon 07231/59-2216, Telex 0783781

darunter die Marken "ITT" ("Schaub-Lorenz") und "Graetz", später auch "Ingelen"

Auf der Rückwand späterer "Graetz" Geräte finden wir später:

Auch die österreichische Firma Ingelen wird 1966 vom ITT-Konzern übernommen. Interessanterweise sind so viele in Pforzheim entwickelte Geräte, welche aus Deutschland unter der Marke GRAETZ bekannt wurden, auch mit dem MarkennamenDer frühere Inhaber der Marke, die "Nokia Unterhaltungselektronik GmbH" in 75175 Pforzheim hat die Marke am 02.11.1998 an das Italienische Unternehmen "VIDITEL S.P.A." in Rom weitergegeben. Aufgrund der Nichtverlängerung wurde die Marke am 13.09.2000 gelöscht.

Literatur

Ernst Quadt: Deutsche Industriepioniere. Berlin 1940, DNB 57569811X.
Peter Süß: Ist Hitler nicht ein famoser Kerl? Graetz. Eine Familie und ihr Unternehmen vom Kaiserreich bis zur Bundesrepublik. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2003, ISBN 3-506-78561-3. (Rezension)
 
Aubrey Pomerance (Hrsg.): Jüdische Zwangsarbeiter bei Ehrich & Graetz, Berlin-Treptow. Zeitzeugnisse aus dem Jüdischen Museum Berlin. DuMont, Köln 2003, ISBN 3-8321-7839-2.

Einzelnachweise

radiomuseum.org: Kornett F27. Abgerufen am 17. März 2016.
 
radiomuseum.org: Super Page 47F. Abgerufen am 17. März 2016.

Jens Dehne: Die Marke Graetz im Wandel der Zeiten. (Memento des Originals vom 5. April 2007 im Internet Archive)  Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis. auf: del-service.de, Stand 6. August 2009.



ITT Corporation (NYSE: ITT) is a global diversified manufacturing company with 2008 revenues of $11.7 billion. ITT participates in global markets including water and fluids management, defense and security, and motion and flow control. Forbes.com named ITT Corporation to its list of "America's Best Managed Companies" for 2008, and awarded the company the top spot in the conglomerates category.

,ITT's water business is the world's largest supplier of pumps and systems to transport, treat and control water, and other fluids. The company's defense electronics and services business is one of the ten largest US defense contractors providing defense and security systems, advanced technologies and operational services for military and civilian customers. ITT's motion and flow control business manufactures specialty components for aerospace, transportation and industrial markets.

In 2008, ITT was named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI World) for the tenth time in recognition of the company's economic, environmental and social performance. ITT is one of the few companies to be included on the list every year since its inception in 1999.

The company was founded in 1920 as International Telephone & Telegraph. During the 1960s and 1970s, under the leadership of its CEO Harold Geneen the company rose to prominence as the archetypal conglomerate, deriving its growth from hundreds of acquisitions in diversified industries. ITT divested its telecommunications assets in 1986, and in 1995 spun off its non-manufacturing divisions, later to be purchased by Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide.

In 1996, the company became ITT Industries, Inc., but changed its name back to ITT Corporation in 2006.



History

ITT was formed in 1920, created from the Puerto Rico Telephone Company co-founded by Sosthenes Behn.[1] Its first major expansion was in 1923 when it consolidated the Spanish Telecoms market into what is now Telefónica.[2] From 1922 to 1925 it purchased a number of European telephone companies. In 1925 it purchased the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company of Brussels, Belgium, which was formerly affiliated with AT&T, and manufactured rotary system switching equipment. In the 1930s, ITT grew through purchasing German electronic companies Standard Elektrizitaetsgesellschaft (SEG) and Mix & Genest, both of which were internationally active companies. Its only serious rival was the Theodore Gary & Company conglomerate, which operated a subsidiary, Associated Telephone and Telegraph, with manufacturing plants in Europe.

In the United States, ITT acquired the various companies of the Mackay Companies in 1928 through a specially organized subsidiary corporation, Postal Telegraph & Cable. These companies included the Commercial Cable Company, the Commercial Pacific Cable Company, Postal Telegraph, and the Federal Telegraph Company.





International telecommunications

International telecommunications manufacturing subsidiaries included STC in Australia and Britain, SEL in Germany, BTM in Belgium, and CGCT and LMT in France. Alec Reeves invented Pulse-code modulation (PCM), upon which future digital voice communication was based. These companies manufactured equipment according to ITT designs including the (1960s) Pentaconta crossbar switch and (1970s) Metaconta D, L and 10c Stored Program Control exchanges, mostly for sale to their respective national telephone administrations. This equipment was also produced under license in Poznań (Poland), and in Yugoslavia, and elsewhere. ITT was the largest owner of the LM Ericsson company in Sweden but sold out in 1960.




1989 breakup

In 1989 ITT sold its international telecommunications product businesses to Alcatel, now Alcatel-Lucent. ITT Kellogg was also part of the 1989 sale to Alcatel. The company was then sold to private investors in the U.S. and went by the name Cortelco Kellogg. Today the company is known as Cortelco (Corinth Telecommunications Corporation, named for Corinth, MS headquarters). ITT Educational Services, Inc. (ESI) was spun off through an IPO in 1994, with ITT as an 83% shareholder. ITT merged its long distance division with Metromedia Long Distance, creating Metromedia-ITT. Metromedia-ITT would eventually be acquired by Long Distance Discount Services, Inc. (LDDS) in 1993. LDDS would later change its name to Worldcom in 1995.

In 1995, ITT Corporation split into 3 separate public companies:

* ITT Corp. — In 1997, ITT Corp. completed a merger with Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, selling off its non-hotel and resorts business. By 1999, ITT completely divested from ITT/ESI; however, the schools still operate as ITT Technical Institute using the ITT name under license.[1] Also in 1999, ITT Corp. dropped the ITT name in favor of Starwood.[7]
* ITT Hartford (insurance) — Today ITT Hartford is still a major insurance company although it has dropped the ITT from its name altogether. The company is now known as The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.
* ITT Industries — ITT operated under this name until 2006 and is a major manufacturing and defense contractor business.
o On July 1, 2006, ITT Industries changed its name to ITT Corporation as a result of its shareholders vote on May 9, 2006.




Purchase of International Motion Control (IMC)

An agreement was reached on June 26, 2007 for ITT to acquire privately held International Motion Control (IMC) for $395 million. The deal was closed and finalized in September 2007. An announcement was made September 14, 2010, to close the Cleveland site.
Purchase of EDO

An agreement was reached September 18, 2007 for ITT to buy EDO Corporation for $1.7 billion.[12] After EDO shareholders' approval, the deal was closed and finalized on December 20, 2007.


Purchase of Laing

On April 16, 2009, ITT announced it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Laing GmbH of Germany, a privately held leading producer of energy-efficient circulator pumps primarily used in residential and commercial plumbing and heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.


2011 breakup

On January 12, 2011, ITT announced a transformation to separate the company into 3, stand-alone, publicly-traded, and independent companies.


HISTORY OF Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG IN GERMAN:

Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG (heute Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG) ist ein Unternehmen der Nachrichtentechnik (früherer Slogan: SEL – Die ganze Nachrichtentechnik) mit Hauptsitz in Stuttgart. Zur Nachrichtentechnik zählen auch Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik, Telekommunikationstechnik (SEL war für die Röchelschaltung bekannt) und früher Fernmeldetechnik oder Schwachstromtechnik. Einen weiteren Geschäftsbereich hatte das Unternehmen in der Bahnsicherungstechnik, so wurden für die Deutsche Bundesbahn Relaisstellwerke und elektronische Stellwerke mit den dazugehörigen Außenanlagen (Signale, Gleisfreimeldeanlagen, Weichenantriebe) sowie die Linienzugbeeinflussung entwickelt und gebaut, welche auch bei ausländischen Bahnen Abnehmer fanden. Der Bereich gehört seit 2007 als Thales Transportation Systems GmbH (seit 02.2011 vorher Thales Rail Signalling Solutions GmbH) zum Thales-Konzern. Die bereits 1998 ausgegliederten Bereiche Alcatel Air Navigation Systems und SEL Verteidigungssysteme sind ebenfalls heute in Thales Deutschland beheimatet.[1]
Fernseher Illustraphon 743 von 1957
„Goldsuper Stereo 20“ (1961)
Das Flaggschiff der erfolgreichen Schaub-Lorenz Kofferradios der sechziger Jahre: Touring 70 Universal
Erster Digitalfernseher der Welt (1983)

Bis 1987 gehörte SEL zusammen mit anderen auf dem Sektor Telekommunikation in anderen Ländern tätigen Schwesterfirmen zum US-amerikanischen Mischkonzern International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT). ITT verkaufte die Aktien-Mehrheit an den ITT-Telekommunikationsfirmen an die französische Compagnie Générale d’Electricité (CGE), die nach der Zusammenfassung mit den eigenen Telekommunikationsaktivitäten daraus die Alcatel N.V. bildete.

Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG wurde 1993 in Alcatel SEL AG umbenannt. Die Aktienmehrheit liegt mit über 99 % bei der Alcatel. Mit der Fusion von Alcatel und Lucent zu Alcatel-Lucent am 1. Dezember 2006 und der Neu-Firmierung beider Unternehmen in Deutschland zur Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG entfiel der Zusatz SEL.


Geschichte

Die beiden Stammfirmen des Unternehmens, die Mix & Genest AG und die Telegraphenbauanstalt von C. Lorenz, wurden 1879 bzw. 1880 gegründet. Das erste Patent von Mix & Genest datiert von 1883, das erste Patent von C. Lorenz ist aus dem Jahr 1902.

Das Unternehmen Mix & Genest war wesentlicher Teil der Standard Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (SEG), in die auch die Süddeutsche Apparatefabrik (SAF), die 1875 von F. Heller als "Friedrich Heller, Fabrik Elektrotechnischer Apparate" gegründet wurde, integriert wurde. Der technische Schwerpunkt von Mix & Genest bzw. SEG sowie der C. Lorenz AG war der klassischen Fernmelde- bzw. Funktechnik zuzuordnen. Die C. Lorenz AG baute in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren Großsender für den neu gegründeten Rundfunk.

1930 übernahm die International Telephone and Telegraph Company (ITT) die Aktienmehrheit der Mix & Genest AG und der C. Lorenz AG. [2]

Die C. Lorenz AG positionierte sich mit der Übernahme der G. Schaub Apparatebau-Gesellschaft mbH im Jahr 1940 in der Entwicklung und Herstellung von Rundfunkempfängern. Ab dem Jahr 1950 wurden alle Geräte bei Schaub in Pforzheim gefertigt. 1952 wurde das Typenprogramm beider Unternehmen verschmolzen und der Lorenz-Radio-Vertrieb in die Firma Schaub integriert. Ab 1955 wurden die Geräte unter dem Namen Schaub-Lorenz vertrieben.

1956 wurde das Unternehmen SEG in Standard Elektrik AG umbenannt. Ebenfalls 1956 wurde ein Kabelwerk gegründet. Wesentlicher Motor für das 1957 gegründete Informatikwerk war Karl Steinbuch, der von 1948–1958 dem Unternehmen, zuletzt als Technischer Direktor und Leiter der Zentralen Forschung, angehörte.

1958 erfolgte die Vereinigung der Standard Elektrik AG mit der C. Lorenz AG zur Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG (SEL).

Die Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG übernahm 1961 die Graetz KG. Die Firmenteile Schaub-Lorenz und Graetz waren zusammen mit einem Bildröhrenwerk Bestandteil der Unternehmensgruppe Audio Video der SEL AG, die 1979 als Audio-Video-Elektronik in die ITT ausgegliedert wurde. Die Produkte, die unter anderem Fernsehgeräte, Radios, Autoradios, Kassettenrecorder, Weltempfänger und Lautsprecherboxen umfassen, wurden fortan unter dem Namen ITT Schaub-Lorenz vertrieben.[2]

Versuche, auf dem neuen Gebiet der Raumfahrt-Elektronik Fuß zu fassen, waren auf folgende Produkte beschränkt:

* AZUR: Telemetrie/Telekommandogeräte
* Spacelab: Datenerfassung/Kommandoterminal.

SEL entwickelte zu Beginn der 1970er Jahre das Präzisionsanflugverfahren SETAC. Dieser Unternehmensbereich wurde im Jahre 1987 von der finnischen Firma Nokia übernommen.

1976 hatte SEL ein Grundkapital von 357 Mio. DM bei 33.000 Beschäftigten und einem Umsatz von 2,6 Mrd. DM.

1983 stellte SEL auf der Internationalen Funkausstellung Berlin 1983 mit dem ITT Digivision den weltweit ersten Fernseher mit digitaler Signalverarbeitung vor.

2003 wurden die Markenrechte am Namen Schaub Lorenz an die italienische General Trading SpA verkauft. Die neugegründete Schaub Lorenz International GmbH vertreibt seitdem unter dem alten Markennamen Schaub-Lorenz importierte Konsumelektronik aus dem unteren Preisbereich.

R.I.P. GERMANY........................

 
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